| Term | Definition |
| Reflection over y axis | negate x (x,y)-(-x,y) |
| Reflection over x axis | negate y (x,y)-(x,-y) |
| Dilation | scale factor:k A(x,y)- A'(kx,ky) |
| 108 degree rotation | negate both x and y A(x,y)- A'(-x,-y) |
| 90 degree clockwise rotation | switch coordinates and negate number new y A(x,y)- A'(y,-x) |
| 90 degree counterclockwise rotation | switch coordinates and negate new x A(x,y)- A'(-y,x) |
| Translation to the right (a units) | x-- x+a |
| Translation to the left (a units) | x-- x-a |
| Translation up (b units) | y-- y+b |
| Translation down (b units) | y-- y-b |