2 Maps and Models
About this set
Created by:
harveycj on February 23, 2012
Subjects:
Description:
VA Standards of Learning ES.1
Vocabulary related to longitude, latitude, maps, models, and topography.
Classes:
Honors Earth Science, Honors Earth Science, Earth Science Summer
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48 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 map | a flat, 2-D representation of the earth's surface (or part of it) and features |
| model | a simplified representation of an object, process, or phenomenon, used as a tool or bases for investigation |
| globe | a sphere, or round model, that represents earth's entire surface |
| hemisphere | half of the earth usually referred to as eastern or western; northern or southern |
| latitude | imaginary lines running horizontal east to west parallel to the equator used to measure distance in degrees north and south, from 0 degrees at the equator to 90 degrees at the north and south poles |
| longitude | imaginary lines running vertical north to south between the poles used to measure distance in degrees east and west, from 0 degrees at the prime meridian to 180 degrees east and west |
| horizontal | lying flat or going straight across from side to side |
| vertical | running straight up and down; upright |
| meridian | a line of longitude |
| parallel | a line of latitude |
| equator | The middle line of latitude, measuring 0 degrees and dividing the globe into N and S hemisphere. |
| prime meridian | the imaginary line that divides the earth in the eastern and western hemisphere, at 0 degrees longitude, running through Greenwich, England |
| international date line | is an imaginary line of longitude generally 180° (degrees) east or west of the Prime Meridian, where each new day begins |
| coordinate system | a standard grid, composed of lines of latitude and longitude, used to determine the absolute location of any object, place, or feature on the earth's surface; coordinates are written as (latitude, longitude) |
| plotting | the process of finding or drawing a point on a coordinate plane or graph using a pair of numbers |
| compass rose | A tool on a map showing cardinal (N,E,S,W) and intermediate (NE,SE,NW,SW) directions. |
| map scale | Relationship between distances on a map and distances on Earth's surface that can be represented as a ratio or as a small bar divided into sections |
| landform | a physical feature on Earth's surface |
| geography | the study of the distribution and interaction of physical and human features on the earth |
| cartographer | a person who makes maps |
| projection | a representation of the spherical earth on the flat plane of a map |
| mercator projection | map that has parallel lines of latitude and longitude in which land masses, shapes, and directions are correct, but areas as you move further north and south of the equator become distorted; most commonly used map that is especially good for planes and ships |
| gnomonic projection | a map made as if paper had been laid on a point on Earth's surface, shows the polar regions but distorts the equator regions |
| polyconic projection | a map made as if a cone of paper had been wraped around the earth; lines of longituted and latitude are curved and most landmasses have their true shape and size in relation to each other; uselful in mapping large areas of land that fall in the middle latitude, such as the US |
| distortion | a change in the shape, size, or position of a place when it is shown on a map; loss of accuracy, misrepresentation or twisting out of shape |
| global positioning system (GPS) | a system that determines the precise position of something on earth through a series of satellites, tracking stations, and recievers |
| satellite imagery | Images of the earth taken from orbiting satellites. Images can be taken in a variety of forms so as to detect specific information about the earth, vegetation and other types of land cover |
| surveyor | a person who measures the boundaries and elevations of land or structures |
| topography | the shape or natural and man-made physical features of the land determined by elevation, relief, and landforms. |
| elevation | height above sea level |
| slope | a measure of the steepness of the land using the change in vertical position/rise over the change in horizontal position/run |
| gradient | the change in elevation over a given distance |
| sea level | level of the ocean's surface (especially that halfway between mean high and low tide) |
| profile | a side view or a vertical section of the Earth's crust showing the different horizons or layers |
| contour lines | a line on a topographic map that connects points of equal elevation |
| contour intervals | The difference in elevation from one contour line to the next. |
| benchmark | a point of reference; a known point of elevation |
| hachure line | small dashed lines showing a downward change in elevation, ditch, crater or hole |
| terrain | landscape or surface features of the earth |
| relief map | type of physical map that shows changes in elevation or height above sea level with shading or raised surface |
| geographic north | points to the north pole |
| geomagnetic north | compass points to the geomagnetic poles where magnetic fields poles are |
| compass | an instrument for showing directions, consisting of a needle or compass card that points to the north magnetic pole, which is near the North Pole. |
| magnetic declination | the angle or difference between geographic and magnetic north |
| ocean floor topography | continental margins, deep-ocean basins, and mid-ocean ridges |
| bathymetric map | a map of the ocean showing the contours of the ocean floor and its geologic features |
| geologic features | features that influence landscapes and create drainage patterns |
| geologic time | a scale of time based on the age of the Earth and the geologic events that shaped and continue to change the planet; a time scale that extends back approximately 4.6 billion years |
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