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concave mirror that curves away from objects convex mirror that curves toward objects prism triangular piece of glass that separates white light transparent material that allows light to pass through freely translucent material that scatters some of the light that passes through it opaque material that does not allow light to pass through it absorbed trapped in the material it strikes (light or sound) reflected bounced off the material it strikes (light or sound) refraction bending of light as it passes from 1 transparent material to another laser light made up of a single wavelength photon bundle of energy released when an atom loses energy red, blue, green primary colors of light all waves that radiate from the sun electromagnetic frequency number of waves that pass a point in a certain amount of time focal point spot at which waves meet when reflected or refracted cones 3 types of light-sensitive cells in eyes echo sound reflected off smooth, hard surfaces noise sounds with irregular wave patterns music sounds with regular wave patterns pitch how high or low sounds seem wavelength measurement from crest to crest or trough to trough amplitude measurement from mid-point of wave to crest or trough crest highest point of wave trough lowest point of wave