Chapter 26: Feb 6-10
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Created by:
annabelgutterman on February 24, 2012
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i spelled stuff wrong. my apologies.
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29 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Major theaters of warfare- highlights:Eastern/Central Front | Russian forces suffered defeats by Germany, Russia experienced two revolutions and finally withdrew in 1918 accepting the harsh terms of the treaty of Brest-Litousk |
| Major theaters of warfare- highlights: Southern Fron | 1915 Battle of Gallipoh: Britan fails to take Constantinople and Dardenelles from Ottoman Turks, incites Arabs to revolt against Ottoman Turks |
| Central Powers 1917 | Overrun most of Balkans except Greece, unsuccessful in Italy, could use waterways to their advantage |
| Western Front | By 1914 German armies overran Belgium and northern France until they were stoppped at the Battle of Marne |
| 1916 Germans | attempted to stop the Allies but were defeated at Verdun and Somme |
| United States enters the war | Unifies with French troops under Fr. Marshal Foch |
| November 11, 1918 | Germands under command of General von Hindenberg and Ludendorff sue for peace |
| US declares war on Germany because | a) unrestricted submarine warfare b) propaganda: alligned with British, stories slated against Central Powers, anti-German convinced US to support allies c) German hostility in the Americas: Zimmerman Note d)loans made to the Allies, pressure from banks e) make the world safe for democracy |
| War on the home front | Most people viewed the war enthusiastically, but came home disillusioned |
| Social impacts at home | Women took on more jobs, gender attitudes changed, many countries gave women the right to vote, lessened gap between social classes |
| Impacts economically at home | Unions cooperated with gov't, not to ask for wage increases, planned economy, everything geared towards war |
| Political tensions: France | George Clemenceau, people had little civil liberties |
| Auxiliary Law in Germany | all males 17-60 had to work a job critical to the war effort, Fatherland party becomes more popular in Germany |
| Austrian politics | France Joseph dies, transition, Austrians saw opportunity to declare independence |
| Great Britain politics | Easter uprising= Irish fighting independence |
| Weapons used in WWI | machine gun, rifle, chlorine gas, mustard gas, blimps, tanks, planes, torpedoes, basked wire, flame thrower, grenades |
| Russian Revolution: Political causes | Russian land owned by companies, peasants had no land. Nicolas II doesn't share power with the Duma, alienates the Duma |
| Nicolas II weak leader | Nicolas II befriends the Duma to prevent loss of power, but eventually dismisses the Duma, then Nicolas II goes to fight in the army, upsetting most of the Russian population |
| Economic causes of Russian rev. | Peasants want land from the gov't, soldiers had no weapons, no training. Workers wanted better working conditions and higher wages |
| Social causes of Russian rev | Nationalities, 40% of Russians were not ethnic Russians, wanted an end to russification (conversion to Russian culture) |
| Progressive Bloc: Sept 1995 | attempt to restructure the gov't, responsible to the Duman, not the tsar. |
| Tsarina Alexandra put in power | fan of Rasputin (RA RA RASPUTIN) he would influence her power, gave advice, love affair |
| Provisional Gov't: March-Nov 1917 | Lavr Kornilov, commander in chief, Alexander Kerensky |
| Russia under Alexander Kerensky | Refused to give land to the peasants, didn't pull out of the war, shared power with Petrograd Soviet of Workers and Soldiers. Restores civil liberties, frees prisonners, Army Order No. 1 |
| Why did provisional gov't under Kerensky fail? | -too moderate, people wanted radical change -had to share power with Petrograd Soviets, who wanted further, more radical changes -Loses support of the army under General Kornilov -the return of Vladimir Lenin -end of dynasty |
| the return of Lenin: his beliefs regarding socialism; | -Only violent revolution could destroy capitalism -Revolution not based on history, based on leadership -Revolution possible in not only industrialized society, but agrarian |
| Lenin's plan | -Small elite group to set everything up, after planning is done, group disbands -Goal is for everyone to be equal |
| Lenin's slogans | "all power to the soviets" "all land to the peasants" "end the war now" "bread, land, and peace" |
| Easy for Bolsheviks to come to power | support of so many types of people, again more power, saying what people wanted to hear, Trostsky and Lenin and strong leadership, very convincing |
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