| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Wernicke's area | contains permanent representations for sound of words; we know what it does, but not where it is |
| concept center | association cortex to the of the left temporal lobe |
| spoken output | concepts translated into their phonological representations of words |
| Broca's area | motor programming areas for speech output; we know where it is, but not what it does |
| Caramazza's view | fractionation assumption and transparency condition |
| neurophonetics approach | applying neurotheology to linguistics |
| Exner's Center | this is the foot of the 2nd frontal gyrus just above Broca's area. Lesions here may cause agraphia-impairment in writing ability. It is situated just opposite the hand area of the motor cortex |
| Supramarginal gyrus | adjacent to Wernicke's area and lesions here involve major submechanisms of language-syntax, semantics, and repetition |
| Angular gyrus | same as Brodmann's Area 39; at the junction of the temporal, parietal, and occipital lobe. It is situated at the extreme posterior portion of the sulcus separating the superior temporal gyrus from the middle temporal gyrus. Important language center for linguistic elaboration of visual-symbols--reading and writing |
| Luria's probability distribution | any higher mental function is a system based on combined work of a dynamic structure of cortical zones working together; each of these zones contributes its own factor to making a functional system |
| fractional assumption | belief that brain damage can result in selective impairment of language components; site of lesion related to specific array of languages deficits; can predict symptoms from lesions and vice versa |
| modularity concept | brain is composed of mutually exclusive functional areas specialized for a specific language component |
| transparency condition | aphasiacs observed behavior, test results, etc. reflect functioning of unimpaired cognitive functions and damaged tissue subserves the impaired cognitive functions due to lesions. |
| localizationists | language comprehension is mediated in a specialized module; modular approach to language representation in the brain |
| module | make up a multi-component cognitive system, and are dissociated and mutually exclusive; independently vulnerable to brain injury because they reside in independent locations in the brain |
| Holists | comprehension is; localized lesions of a particular cerebral area rarely lead to a complete loss of language function; the localization of lesions could therefore not correspond strictly to that of a function |
| agraphia | brain lesions causing a deficit in the ability to write |
| strict localization | there exists in the left language hemisphere an all-exclusive writing center located at posterior section of the middle frontal convolution. this area is a motor association area anterior to the 'hand area' of the homunculus of precentral cortex. lesions to this area disrupt writing and cause agraphia. |
| Holist counterargument | lesions in other cortical areas also disrupt writing, therefore, writing, per se, as a unitary cognitive-motor functions is not localizes to any specific, circumscribed area of the cerebral cortex |
| modified Localizationist compromise | the structure or idiosyncratic nature of the writing errors is different depending on the particular site of the lesion |
| auditory agraphia | disruption will frequently lead to impairment of the ability to write under dictation; ability to write from visual copying intact |
| visual agraphia | lesions in parietal-occipital areas of cortex, angular gyrus in particular, will most likely disrupt the ability to copy written language symbols, while leaving patient capable of writing to auditory input. |
| motor agraphia | lesions in vicinity of Exner's center will disrupt the praxic or motor porgramming organization of the writing skill and so will lesions to Broca's area 44 |
| anomic agraphia | lesions which affect the entire language system, for example a word finding difficulty = anomia, will also manifest a writing defect--if you can't say a word, you can't write it |
Combine with other sets
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