TAKS Vocab 2
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Created by:
tennisplayer112 on February 24, 2012
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29 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Homeostasis | process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal enviroment. |
| Permeability | the characteristic of allowing a substance to pass through. |
| Photosynthesis | the process by which plants and some other organisms use light energy to convert water and CO2 into oxygen and high energy carbonates such as sugars and starches. |
| Cellular Respiration | the process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen. |
| Synthesis | The combining of parts or elements to form a new substance. |
| Phenotype | PHysical characteristic of an organism. Think of a photograph that shows what an organism looks like. |
| Genotype | Genetic makeup of an organism. |
| Dominant | A trait that is always visible. |
| Recessive | A trait that is only seen if an allele is homozygous. |
| Mutation | Change in a DNA sequence that affects genetic information. |
| DNA | Deoxyribonucleic Acid that is a molecule found in cells of all organisms that contains the genetic information that controls what cell can do and what types of molecules it makes. |
| Nucleotides | The basic unit of DNA that is comprised of sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base. |
| Nitrogenous Bases | The four bases of DNA that make up nucleotides. (Adenine, Gaunine, Cytosine, Thymine) |
| Complementary Bases | The opposite, or complement, of a specific Nitrogenous Base. |
| Replication | The process during mitosis where DNA is replicated exactly to form 2 identical strands. |
| mRNA | During protein production, mRNA makes a copy of the DNA strand in order to carry that message to a different location in a cell. |
| Transcription | The process of copying the genetic information in the DNA and the mRNA. |
| Codon | 3-letter blocks that are used in the mRNA to create amino acids and thus, proteins |
| Translation | The process in which a protein is produced from mRNA. |
| Deletion | A type of mutation that can occur where there is a portion of the DNA structure left off. |
| Genetic Engineering | Any method that people use to change an organisms's genes. |
| Prokaryotes | Organisms whose cells lack nuclei. |
| Eukaryotes | Organisms whose cells contain a nuclei. |
| Nucleus | Acts as the command center of the cell and controls its activities. |
| Organelle. | A structure within a cell that performs a specific function. |
| Chloroplasts | The cells of plants and some protists use these pigmented organelles in the production of energy. |
| Mitosis | The entire process of cell division including division of the nucleus and the cytoplasm. |
| Meiosis | Process by which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through separation of homologous chromosomes. |
| Mitochondria | Break down of food molecules such as glucose in order to release energy that can be used for growth, health maintenance, and reproduction. |
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