1.
"Cole": reduces gastric reabsorption of cholesterol, increase TG
2.
A1A2B1: NE
3.
A1A2B1B2: Epi
4.
ACE Inhibitor: "prils" and protects against cardiac remodeling, vasodilation
5.
ACE Inhibitor: Protects against cardiac remodeling, vasodilator, Na/H2O excretion and limits K loss
6.
Acute Coronary Syndrome: Ischemic heart disease
7.
ADH: acts of cortical collecting duct, stimulates renal synthesis of aquaporin (V2) receptors, permits renal H2O reabsorption
8.
Adrenoreceptor agonists: Epi, NE, Isoproterenol, Dopamine and Dobutamine
9.
Adverse affects of Digoxin: arrthythmias, ventricular tachycardia, fibrillation, overdose in renal failure, women have 33% more fatalities than untreated
10.
Aldosterone receptor antagonist/blocker (ARB): Spironolactone
11.
All Ca channel blockers promote: vasodilation and coronary blood flow
12.
Alpha 1 Agonist: Phenylephrine
13.
Alpha 1 Blockers: Vasodilation to decrease BP in hypertensive crisis
14.
Alpha 1 Blockers: Prazosin
15.
alpha 1 receptor antagonist: Doxazosin
16.
Alpha 2 Agonists: Clondidine, methyldopa, guanfacine
17.
Alpha and Beta Blocker: Carvedilol
18.
Amiodarone: Class 3, turns patient blue
19.
Angiotensin II receptor Antagonist: "artans" and protects against cardiac remodeling with less of a cough, vasodilation
20.
ARB: Like ACE Inhibitor but LESS COUGHING
21.
Baroreceptor reflex: carotid sinus and aortic sinus, primary response, increases stretch, fastest way to change HR.
22.
Beta 1 = Beta 2: Isoproterenol
23.
Beta 1 Agonist: Increases Ca (intracellularly)--> on heart increases HR and contractility
24.
Beta 1 Agonist> Beta 2 Agonist: Dobutamine
25.
Beta 1 Blocker can be taken with Doxazosin to: control the heart rate
26.
Beta 2 Agonist: Stimulates adenylate cyclase activity-->decreases Ca (intracellularly)-->on lungs relaxes smooth muscle-->vasodilation
27.
Beta 2 Agonist: Albuterol
28.
Bile Acid binding resin side effect: increased TG, vitamin k deficiency
29.
Bile Acid binding resins: "Cole"
30.
CA channel blocker side effect: breast enlargement
31.
Ca Sensitizing Agent: Levosimendan
32.
Can you use Epi and NE to treat shock?: No! Lactic acidosis causes the catecholamine receptors to loose their shape.
33.
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor: prevents reabsorption of HCO3 from Proximal Tubules
34.
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors: Acetazolamide, Dorzolamide
35.
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors Side Effect: Hypokalemia, metabolic acidosis, reduced Ca reabsorption, not reccommended for use in people with sulfa drug allergies or sickel cell anemia
36.
Cardiac Glycosides: Digoxin, Digitoxin, Digoxin Immune Fab
37.
Chemoreceptor reflex: Carotid Body and Aortic Body, secondary response
38.
Cholesterol Absorption inhibitor: Ezetimibe
39.
Chronic Cardiac ischemia treatment: Nitrates, B-Blockers, non-selective Ca channel blockers
40.
Class 2: Beta blockers, Esmolol
41.
Class 3: block K channels
42.
Class 4: slow ca channel blocker, cardioselective Ca channel blocker
43.
Clondidine: Decreases adenylate cyclase-->opens K channels-->decreases Ca channels, decreases blood pressure and sympathetics
44.
D1: Low dose dopamine
45.
D1: CNS and periphery increases in cAMP and CO
46.
D1b1: medium dose Dopamine
47.
D1B1A1: high dose dopamine
48.
D2-D4: decreases in cAMP in intra-renal arteries and arterioles, vasoconstriction
49.
Digitoxin: Metabolized by liver
50.
Digoxin: Increase Ca storage in SR, slows HR, increases F of contraction, CLEARED THRU KIDNEY with a narrow therapeutic index
51.
Digoxin: increases Ca storage in SR, slows HR and force of contraction, narrow therapeutic index, DANGEROUS WITH VERAPAMIL, AMIODARONE, ERYTHROMYCIN, and Epi
52.
Digoxin directly blocks: Na/K ATPase
53.
Digoxin Immune Fab: Treats digoxin overdose, not reccommended in patients with sheep allergies
54.
Diltiazem and Verapamil: Class 4
55.
Direct renin antagonist: aliskire(causes vasodilation)
56.
Disadvantage to Nitroglycerine: Tolerance develops, headache, reflex tachycardia
57.
Dopamine: Directly stimulates alpha and beta receptors
58.
Dopamine is best used for: Shock!
59.
Epi and NE are used to treat: cardiac arrest
60.
Ezetimibe: prevents uptake of cholesterol from gut to liver
61.
Fenofibrate: breaks down fatty acid
62.
Fenofibrate side effect: rhabdomyolysis
63.
Fibric Acid Derivatives: Fenofibrate or gemfibrozil
64.
First line of treatment for arrhythmias: Lidocaine (IV)
65.
Fish oil: decreases TG (side effect: fish burp)
66.
Flow is the: name of the game!
67.
High dose Dopamine: A1 (vasoconstriction)
68.
High levels of ANP: is diagnostic of heart failure
69.
High levels of Atropine: Antimuscarinic, Skin is dry, difficulty with vision and sympathetic discharge
70.
HMG-CoA R Inhibitors: Statins
71.
How do you treat an emergency Beta-2 Blockade?: PDE-3 Inhibitor
72.
How do you treat CHF?: ARB (Spironolactone) and ACE Inhibitor
73.
How to treat Acute Coronary Syndrome: MONA (Morphone, Oxygen, Nitrates, Aspirin)
74.
Hydralazine: opens K channels, vasodilates
75.
Hydrochlorothiazide: acts of distal tubule to promote Na, H2O excretion, K wasting, Ca sparing and tachycardia
76.
Hydrochlorothiazide: acts on distal tubule, treats HTN, excretes Na, blocks Na/Cl symporter
77.
Hypertension treatment: 1. Therapeutic lifestyle change. 2. hydrochlorthiazides or ACE inhibitors
78.
Increase in HR always: decreases duration of diastole
79.
Isoproterenol: increases HR and bronchodilator
80.
IV Nitroglycerine: First line to improve cardiac flow, nitric oxide donor
81.
K Sparing Diuretics: acts on Collecting duct, allows Na and water excretion by retains K
82.
K sparing diuretics: Amiloride, Spironolactone, Triamterene
83.
Loop Diuretic Side Affects: Hypokalemia potentiates digitalis toxicity, metabolic alkalosis, hypomagnesemia and Ca loss from decreased luminal K, hyperuriecemia due to hypovolemia
84.
Loop Diuretics: Ethacrynic Acid, Furosemide, Torsemide
85.
Loop Diuretics: inhibits Na/K/2Cl symporter in ascending loop of hendle, reduced Na reabsorption, dilute outside of tubule, reduced water reabsorption
86.
Low dose Dopamine: D1 (vasodilation)
87.
M1: CNS, Gq, increases cAMP by increasing IP3
88.
M2: Heart, Gi, decreases cAMP, efflux of K
89.
M3: Smooth muscle, Gq increases Ca, smooth muscle contraction, NO synthase stimulated, not innervated
90.
Magnesium Sulfate: controls torsades de pointes
91.
Mannitol: increases osmotic pressure which retains water in tubule
92.
Mannitol side effect: Volume expansion
93.
Medium dose Dopamine: B1 (increased cardiac contractility)
94.
Milrinone: Treats CHF, slow degradation of cAMP, restrores sympathetic drive in presence of adrenergic receptor antagonists, DON'T use with B agonists!
95.
Minoxidil: opens K channels, vasodilates, unwanted body hair is a negative side effect
96.
Na channel blocker class 1A: prolonged repolarization, procainamide
97.
Na channel blocker class 1B: shorten time for repolarization, Lidocaine
98.
Na channel blocker class 1C: Flecainide
99.
Niacin: Inhibits cholesterol--> VLDL, increases HDL
100.
Nifedipine, dihydropyridine: Ca channel blocker, vasodilator, CONTRAINDICATED IN HEART FAILURE
101.
Nitroglycerine is contraindicated in patients with: glaucoma, anemia, pregnancy, or Viagra
102.
Non-selective Ca channel blocker: blocks blood vessels only
103.
Nonselective Alpha blockers: Phentolamine
104.
Nonselective Beta Blocker: Propanolol, timolol
105.
Osmotic Diuretic: Mannitol
106.
Phenylephrine: Increases Ca (intracellularly)-->activates phospholipase-->vasoconstriction-->constrict smooth muscle
107.
Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor 3: Milrinone, Inamrinone, Vesnarinone
108.
Phosphodiesterase inhibitor Type 3 Aminophylline: increases cAMP, dilates, even during alpha and beta blockade, amplify sympathetic activators, catastrophic if used with sympathetic mimetics
109.
Phosphodiesterase inhibitor Type 5 Sildenafil: increases cGMP, vasodilation, DO NOT MIX WITH NITRATES OR CIRCULATORY COLLAPSE WILL HAPPEN!
110.
Potent D1 Agonist that increases CO and decreased TPR: Fenoldopam
111.
Selective B1 Blocker: Atenolol
112.
Selective Ca channel blocker: blocks blood vessels and heart
113.
Should you use Beta-Blocker to treat CHF?: No! That would promote pulmonary edema.
114.
Side affects of Vasopressin Antagonist: hypovolemia and increased blood osmolarity
115.
Side effect of niacin: high doses cause flushing and Gout
116.
Side effect of thiazide diuretic: K wasting
117.
Side effects of K sparing diuretics: promotes hyperkalemia, ACE inhibitors make hyperkalemia worse and NSAIDS reduce diuretic effiacy
118.
Sodium Nitroprusside: Nitric oxide donor, arterial/venous dilation, can cause cyanide poisoning
119.
Sodium Nitroprusside is contraindicated in patients with: pre-eclampsia, hyponatremia, pregnancy, viagra
120.
Spironolactone: Spares K, protects against cardiac edema and remodeling, promotes Na loss
121.
Statin side effect: Myositis and rhabdomyolysis
122.
statins: block formation of fatty acids, decrease LDL
123.
Sublingual Nitroglycerine: treats Angina
124.
Thiazide Diuretic: Hydrochlorothiazide
125.
Treat scuba divers and astronauts with: ADH
126.
Treatment for arrhythmias: IV Lidocaine, Class 1A to capture heart rate, if wolff parkinson white try class 1A with beta blocker, if fibrillation or torsade de Pointes try Magnesium Sulfate
127.
Treats Pheochromocytoma: Carvedilol
128.
Use Hydrochlorothiazide with: Selective Beta 1 Blockers (to control tachycardia)
129.
Use the following drugs in a Hypertensive Crisis: Esmolol, Nitroglycerin, Sodium Nitroprusside
130.
Vasodilators all cause: headaches, orthostatic hypotension, and hypotensive episodes
131.
Vasopressin Antagonist: acts on cortical collecting duct, Conivaptan, treats hyponatremia from SIADH and causes nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
132.
Verapamil and Diltiazem: Ca channel blocker, negative inotropic
133.
Why use Spironolactone to treat CHF?: It counteracts aldosterone escape.
