microbiology chapter 7
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Created by:
bachicha602 on February 24, 2012
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exam 2
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17 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 What is the nucleoid? | Central region in a prokaryotic cell, as a bacterium, that contains the chromosomes and that has no surrounding membrane. |
| Know the differences between cell structures of prokaryotes and eukaryotes. | ... |
| What is "Genetic Information Storage"? | ... |
| What is the central dogma? | The flow of genetic information. DNA gets replicated, RNA is transcribed, and then translated into proteins DNA---DNA---RNA---PROTEIN Replication---Transcription---Translation |
| In what direction does DNA polymerase build new DNA? | 5"3" Strand |
| What is the difference between leading and lagging strand? | Leading Strand synthesis runs 5"3" Lagging Strand synthesis is discontinuous and polymerase jumps ahead and works backward. |
| What do Okazaki fragments do? | ... |
| Which strand do Okazaki fragments assist in DNA replication? | Lagging Strand |
| Why does RNA polymerase make more errors than DNA polymerase? | Lacks proofreading function |
| Describe translation | the cell uses information from messenger RNA to produce proteins the cell uses all three main forms of RNA during this process. Messenger RNA to transfer RNA to plypeptide assembly line to completing the polypeptide |
| Describe rRNA. | Ribosomal RNA combines with specific proteins to form ribosomes. Serves as a site for protein synthesis. Associated enzymes function in controlling protein synthesis. |
| Describe mRNA. | Messenger RNA Carries information from DNA for synthesis of a protein. Molecules correspond in length to one or more genes in DNA. Has base triplets called codons that constitute the genetic code. Attaches to one or more ribosomes. |
| Describe tRNA. | Transfer RNA found in the cytoplasm, where they pick up amino acids and transfer them to mRNA. Molecules have a cloverleaf shape with an attachement site for a specific amino acid. Each has a single triplet of bases called an anticodon, which pairs complementarily the corresponding codon in mRNA. |
| What is feedback inhibition? | way of regulating enzyme activity in which the reaction product inhibits the enzyme activity |
| Understand the mechanisms of how the "lac operon" functions. | When lactose is present it binds to repressor and inactivates it. Enzymes are made to metabolize lactose. (ENZYMES BREAKDOWN LACTOSE) |
| What are the four types of mutations? | Silent Mutation, Missence Mutation, Nonsence Mutation, Frameshift Insertion. |
| Silent Mutation | ... |
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