| Term | Definition |
|---|
| tarsals | the bones of the midfoot consist of the: |
| sesamoid bones | small, flat, oval bones in the region of the first metatarsophalangeal joint are called: |
| patella | the sesamoid bone anterior to the distal femur, commonly known as the kneecap |
| acetabulum | the ilium, ischium, and pubis join to form a synarthrodial joint at the: |
| anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) | the palpable positioning landmark on the anterior aspect of the lateral pelvis above the hip |
| angled 10 degrees posteriorly | when performing an AP projection of the foot, the central ray is |
| 10 degrees | when there is suspicion of a fracture of the patella, flexion of the knee joint for the lateral projection should be limited to: |
| AP oblique image of the foot | coronal plane of foot forms 30 degree angle with IR |
| a 30-45 degree angle with IR | For AP oblique image of the toes, the plantar surface of the foot and toes form: |
| 40 degrees cephalad to center of IR | How is the central ray angled for an axial projection of the calcaneus? |
| calcaneal articulations with cuboid and navicular | What can be seen in a lateral projection of the calcaneus? |
| entire leg is rotated medially 45 degrees, ankle is dorsiflexed at a 90 degree angle | For an AP oblique image of the ankle, how is the leg positioned? |
| mortise joint spaces | AP oblique projection of the ankle with 15-20 degree medial rotation shows |
| tibiotalar and subtalar joints | lateral projection of the ankle shows: |
| knee is flexed 20-30 degrees, sagittal plane of femur and lower leg parallel to IR | For a lateral projection of the knee: |
| perpendicular or 5 degrees cephalad entering 1/2 inch distal to the apex of patella | How is the CR placed for AP image of the knee? |
| angled 5-7 degrees cephalad entering 1inch distal to the medial epicondyle of femur | How is the CR placed for lateral image of the knee? |
| tibial tuberosity, patella, retropatellar joint space | What does the lateral projection of the knee show? |
| 5 degrees caudad to exit 1/2 inch inferior to the patellar apex | How is the CR directed for a PA image of the knee? |
| PA projection | What image gives the greatest visibility of the patella? |
| Holmblad (preferred) or Camp-Coventry | what methods can be used to see the intercondylar fossa? |
| PA Axial projection (Holmblad method) | On all fours with affected knee flexed so that angle between femur and table is 70 degrees |
| PA Axial projection (Camp-Coventry method) | prone with affected knee flexed to form an angle of 40 or 50 degrees between tibia and table |
| 40 degrees caudad through the knee joint to center of IR if leg is 40 degrees, and 50 degrees if leg is 50 degrees | How is the CR angled for the Camp-Coventry method? |
| Tangential (Sunrise) projection of the patella (Settegast method) | prone with affected knee flexed to form angle of 80 degrees between femur and tibia, sagittal plane of femur perpendicular to IR: |
| 15-20 degrees cephalad and centered to inferior margin of patella, CR passes between the patella and distal femur | How is the CR angled for the Settegast method? |
| superior margin of IR is placed at level of ASIS | Where is the IR placed for an AP projection of the proximal femur? |
| Femur is medially rotated 15 degrees | For AP image of the hip or pelvis: |
| Femur abducted 45 degrees (frog-leg position) | For lateral image of the hip: |
| Danelius-Miller method (axio-lateral projection) | In cases of known or suspected hip fracture use this method: |
| hip and knee of the unaffected extremity are flexed 90 degrees and supported above the table | How are the hip and knee positioned for the axio-lateral projection of the hip? |
| tibiofibular joint | AP oblique projection of the ankle with 45 degree medial rotation shows |
| PA axial projections of intercondylar fossa | when should mAs be increased 50%? |
| patella in profile and open patellofemoral joint | What can be seen with Tangential "sunrise" or Settegast method? |
| Film speed 100-200 | foot, toes, calcaneous, ankle, lower leg, knee |
| Film speed 300-400 | lower leg, knee w/grid, femur, pelvis, hip |
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