Micro Ch. 13
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42 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Viruses | Obligate intracellular parasites Nucleic acid core & a protein coat Infect all 5 kingdoms |
| Host Range | Types of cells that a microbe can infect |
| Virion | Fully developed viral particle Ready to infect |
| Capsid | Protein coat of a virus |
| Spikes | Carbohydrate or protein projections sticking off |
| Helical | Long tubes like a rod or a stick May be stiff or flexible |
| Polyhedral | Many sides (like a diamond) |
| Enveloped | Surrounded by a capsule of some type |
| Complex | Contains many extra structures |
| 4 Ways to grow viruses | 1) Inside bacteria 2) In living animals 3) In chicken eggs 4) In tissue culture |
| 3 Ways to identify viruses | 1) Antibodies 2) DNA analysis 3) Electron microscope |
| Bacteriophage lytic cycle | 1) Virus binds to cell wall 2) Lysozyme produced by virus which cuts a hole in the bacterium 3) Virus injects nucleic acid 4) Nucleic acid takes over bacterial cell & makes more virus parts 5) Nucleic acid & protein parts assemble together 6) Lots of lysozyme produced which breaks open bacterium 7) Virus parts released |
| Bacteriophage lysogenic cycle | 1) Virus binds to bacterium & injects DNA or RNA 2) DNA inserts into microbe's DNA (called prophage), which stays dormant 3) Copied every time bacterium reproduces 4) Prophage can switch to lytic cycle at any time |
| Animale virus life cycles | 1) Virus attaches to cell membrane 2) Virus is engulfed 3) DNA/RNA & protein separate 4) Left pathway: a) DNA goes to nucleus, is copied, & makes more protein b) Parts are assembled c) Breaks through membrane or buds off with host membrane around it 5) Right pathway: a) Inserts into DNA b) Now a provirus which can stay dormant c) Makes parts & assembles or becomes a tumor |
| Inclusion body | Abnormal clump of material inside a cell |
| Polykaryocytes | Several cells that have fused together |
| Benign tumor | Group of fairly normal cells that are growing too much |
| Malignant tumor | Cancerous & abnormal cells |
| Metastasis | Spread of cancer |
| Leukemia | Cancer of the bone marrow Causes production of abnormal or too many WBCs |
| Oncogenes | Sections of DNA that transform a normal cell into a cancerous cell |
| Contact inhibition | The stopping of movement & mitosis when cells touch Normal |
| Papova | DNA viruses Causes warts & tumors |
| Herpes | DNA viruses Cause cold sores, chicken pox, & sexual herpes |
| Adeno | DNA viruses Cause respiratory infections |
| Pox | DNA viruses Cause small pox & cowpox |
| Rhabdo | RNA viruses Cause rabies |
| Orthomyxo | RNA viruses Cause the flu |
| Retro | RNA viruses Cause leukemia, AIDS, & tumors |
| Picorna | RNA viruses Cause encephalitis, polio, colds, & hepatitis |
| Toga | RNA viruses Cause encephalitis & yellow fever |
| Paramyxo | RNA viruses Cause measles & mumps |
| Papilloma | Causes warts & tumors in the skin (cervical cancer) |
| EB | Causes mono, Burkitt's lymphoma, nose cancer, throat cancer, & Hodgkin's disease |
| Herpes 1 | Causes cold sores |
| Herpes 2 | Causes sexual herpes & cervical cancer |
| Hepatitis B | Can cause liver cancer |
| Latent viral infection | Housing the virus for a long time without disease |
| Slow viral infection | Virus & disease build up gradually over time Most are fatal nerve infections |
| Virino | Small viral nucleic acids in a coat of host protein |
| Viroids | Short pieces of RNA with no protein coat |
| Prion | Infectious protein Cause weird brain diseases |
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