Chem 3X - Chapter 4 - Nuclear
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21 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 alpha particle | alpha particle A nuclear particle identical to a helium nucleus with symbol α or 4/2He |
| becquerel (Bq) | becquerel (Bq) A unit of activity of a radioactive sample equal to one disintegration per second. |
| beta particle | beta particle A particle identical to an electron with symbol β or 0/-1 e that forms in the nucleus when a neutron changes to a proton and an electron. |
| carbon dating | carbon dating A technique used to date ancient specimens that contain carbon. The age is determined by the amount of active carbon-14 that remains in the samples. |
| chain reaction | chain reaction A fission reaction that will continue once it has been initiated by a high-energy neutron bombarding a heavy nucleus such as uranium-235. |
| curie (Ci) | curie (Ci) A unit of radiation equal to 3.7 x 1010 disintegrations/s. |
| decay curve | decay curve A diagram of the decay of a radioactive element. |
| equivalent dose | equivalent dose The measure of biological damage from an absorbed dose that has been adjusted for the type of radiation. |
| fission | fission A process in which large nuclei are split into smaller pieces, releasing large amounts of energy. |
| fusion | fusion A reaction in which large amounts of energy are released when small nuclei combine to form larger nuclei. |
| gamma ray | gamma ray High-energy radiation (with symbol $7) that is emitted by an unstable nucleus. |
| gray (Gy) | gray (Gy) A unit of absorbed dose equal to 100 rads. |
| Half-life | Half-life The length of time it takes for one-half of a radioactive sample to decay. |
| positron | positron A particle with no mass and a positive charge produced when a proton is transformed into a neutron and a positron. |
| rad (radiation absorbed dose) | rad (radiation absorbed dose) A measure of an amount of radiation absorbed by the body. |
| radiation | radiation Energy or particles released by radioactive atoms. |
| radioactive decay | radioactive decay The process by which an unstable nucleus breaks down and releases high-energy radiation. |
| rem (radiation equivalent in humans) | rem (radiation equivalent in humans) A measure of the biological damage caused by the various kinds of radiation (rad X radiation biological factor). |
| scan | scan The image of a site in the body created by the detection of radiation from radioactive isotopes that have accumulated in that site. |
| shielding | shielding Materials used to provide protection from radioactive sources. |
| sievert (Sv) | sievert (Sv) A unit of biological damage (equivalent dose) equal to 100 rems. |
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