Chapter 13 Vocabulary and People
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Created by:
nataliefittsy on February 25, 2012
Subjects:
world history, brewer, early middle ages
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34 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Charlemagne | King of the Franks from 768 to 814; united much of France, Germany, and northern Italy in one Frankish empire; crowned Emperor of the Roman people in 800 |
| Papal States | territories in central Italy controlled by the pope |
| counts | title of nobility; in Charlemagne's empire, chosen officials who ruled parts of the empire in his name |
| navigation | the guidance of ships from place to places |
| sagas | long stories about great Icelandic heroes and events |
| Leif Eriksson | Norwegian explorer; he led a group of Vikings to North America and settled on the eastern shore of modern-day Canada |
| knights | in medieval Europe, nobles who were members of a lord's heavily armored cavalry |
| fief | grant of land from a lord to a vassal |
| vassal | in medieval Europe, a person granted land from a lord in return for services |
| feudal system | a political and social system based on the granting of land in exchange for loyalty, military assistance, and other services |
| fealty | the loyalty owed by a vassal to his feudal lord |
| manorial system | an economic system in the Middle Ages that was built around large estates called manors |
| serfs | peasants who were legally bound to their lord's land |
| Alfred the Great | King of Wessex from 871 to 899; defeated Danish invaders and united Anglo-Saxon England under his control; compiled a code of laws and promoted learning |
| William the Conqueror | king of England from 1060 to 1087; powerful French noble who conquered England and brought feudalism to England |
| Domesday Book | written record of England landowners and their property made by order of William the Conqueror |
| Eleanor of Aquitaine | queen of France and England; one of the most powerful women in Europe during the Middle Ages |
| Magna Carta | a charter agreed to by King John of England that granted nobles certain rights and restricted the king's powers |
| Parliament | the governing body of England |
| Hugh Capet | king of France from 987 to 996; elected by Frankish nobles to succeed King Louis V, he founded the Capetian dynasty, which ruled France for 300 years |
| Otto the Great | king of Germany and Holy Roman Emperor; defeated the Magyar army, which ended the Magyar raids in the mid-900s |
| Reconquista | the effort of Christian leaders to drive the Muslims out of Spain |
| piety | devotion to one's religion |
| pontificate | papal term in office |
| Pope Gregory VII | Roman Catholic pope; his assertion of church power to appoint bishops led him into conflict with Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV, who claimed the powers for himself |
| Henry IV | king of Germany and Holy Roman Emperor; excommunicated by Pope Gregory VII over bishop appointments; acknowledged pope's authority and was readmitted to the church |
| Charles Martel | political adviser and ware leader for the Frankish king who led the Frankish army in many crushing defeats of their opponents; Charlemagne's grandfather |
| Pippin III | 1st king of Carolingian dynasty; Charlemagne's father |
| Pope Leo III | called on Charlemagne's help when the Lombards attacked the Papal States; as thanks, he named Charlemagne Emperor of the Roman People |
| King John | English king to agreed to the Magna Carta |
| Henry II | English king who married Eleanor of Aquitaine |
| Edward I | one of the 1st kings to clarify the role of Parliament and to work effectively with this new governing body |
| Pope John XII | pope who turned to Otto the Great when the nobles turned against him; named Otto Emperor of the Romans |
| Leo IX | 1st of a series of clever and capable pope dedicated to reforming the papacy |
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