hypersensitivity
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12 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 List examples of hypersensitivity type 2 | Myasthenia Gravis (Abs bind the receptors on the postsynaptic membrane, so NTs can't bind and muscle can't contract) Grave's disease (upregulation of thyroid->increased thyroglobulin levels-> thyrotoxicosis) Goodpasture's disease (antibasement membrane antibodies) Immune hemolytic anemias |
| What are type 3 hypersensitivity reactions? | Immune complexes formed from antibody/antigen complexes circulating in the blood |
| Which type of hypersensitivity is responsible for many forms of vasculitis? | Type 3 Immune complexes activate complement and damage the vessel walls, causing hemorrhage and thrombosis. |
| What type of hypersensitivity is responsible for serum sickness? | Type 3 |
| List some examples of type 3 hypersensitivity reactions | glomerulonephritis (some types) vasculitis (many types) serum sickness SLE arthus reaction |
| How is type 4 different from the other 3? | Antibodies play little to no part Reaction is mediated by macrophages (APCs) and T cells tissue hallmark is the granuloma |
| What type of hypersensitivity is anaphylaxis? | Type 1 important components: antigens binding to mast cells via IgE immunoglobulin receptors -> release of granules containing chemical mediators (eg leukotrienes, prostaglandins, etc.) causes bronchospasm, edema, platelet activation, chemotaxis |
| List examples of type 1 hypersensitivity | Anaphylaxis Asthma Allergies Hay Fever Eczema |
| Where do antibodies bind in type 2 hypersensitivity? | Basement membrane |
| How do neutrophils play a role in type 2? | PMNs bind to the antigen-antibody-complement complexes and damage the BM, allowing protein and RBCs to leak into urine |
| How does a MAC play a role in type 2? | Antigen-Antibody interaction activates complement, then forms a membrane attack complex that punches holes in the membrane rupturing the cell (lysis) |
| List examples of MAC-induced cell lysis in type 2 hypersensitivity | hemolytic anemias incompatible blood transfusion reactions |
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