Bio Midterm 2
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52 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Biotic Potential | Maximum reproductive capacity of a population |
| Environmental Resistance | Resistance presented by the environment conditions to limit a species from growing out of control |
| Exponential Growth | dN/dT=rN r=growth |
| Logistic growth | dN/dT=rN(k-N/k) |
| R-Strategist | Animals that breed quickly and die often. High death rate in young. Rabbits and quail. |
| K-Strategists | breed slowly with one young every so often, long lives and usually larger animal. Elephant and bears. |
| Competitive Exclusion | If there's two similar species in habitat requirements two things will happen: one species will drive the other to extinction or one will change in some way to reduce direct competition. |
| Ecological Isolating Mechanism | the way that one species changes in order to reduce direct competition. |
| Allopatry | Species that do the same thing in different parts of the world. |
| Habitat Isolation | Species in the same geographical area but use different habitats (blue jay and scrub jay) |
| Temporal Isolation | Species that do the same thing at different times. Diurnal is at different times of day (owl and hawk) Seasonal is at different times of year (pacific coast flycatcher and yellow warblers). |
| Character Displacement | Differences among similar species that overlap geographically whose characteristics change when they have this overlap but are more similar to each other when they are apart. |
| General Adaption Syndrome | To be able to relax after a threat or stress is gone. |
| Functional Response | The rate at which predators eat the prey based on prey population. Predators reach a climax because they can only eat so much. |
| Numerical Response | Idea that if prey goes up, then the amount of predators goes up. |
| Over-Exploitation | Taking too many of a species |
| Non-Consumptive Use | Bird/animal watching, visiting parks, bird feeders, create land to support wildlife. |
| Anthropomorphic | Anti-hunters that describe human characteristics to animals or antihuman objects. (bambi) |
| Moralistic | Type of anti-hunter concerned with "uncivilized behavior." |
| Hyperbolic | Anti-hunters trying to upset natural balance. Compare todays hunting to past over-exploitation and make overstatements. |
| Lowest scores on ecological knowledge test | Came from anti-hunters and hunters. |
| Highest scores on ecological knowledge test | those in ecological organizations such as the Audubon Society and Sierra Club |
| Pittman-Robertson Act | tax on hunting gear that goes towards helping game and wildlife |
| Dingall-Johnson Act | tax on fishing gear to help state fish programs. |
| Compensation | rates of recruitment of young into an adult population (if the K is 100 and 30 adults die; 30 young can be compensated that year) |
| Annual Surplus | The extra young that are not compensated. (if only 30 young were taken, and there was 50 young that year, then 20 will die) |
| 25% | percentage of bucks that can be harvested without harming population |
| 15% | percentage of does that can be harvested without harming population |
| Chlorinated hydrocarbons | Chlorine, hydrogin and carbon. They are pesticides like DDT, TDE, dieldrin and aldrin. |
| Bio Amplification | In pesticides, they get more concentrated as it goes up the food chain. |
| Bio magnification | increase in concentration of a substance that occurs in the food chain. |
| Organic Phosphates | more poisonous to birds and mammals, they don't last long. |
| 2-4D | A herbicide that attacks plants. Effects unknown at first, but women began to miscarry in the sprayed areas. |
| LC-50 | Concentration at which half of the animals being tested will die (lethal concentration 50%) |
| LD-50 | Lethal Dosage: the amount of a chemical that kills 50% of the animals in a test population |
| Sub-Lethal Effect | they can alter genes creating adverse mutations and alter behavior due to pesticides |
| Biological Control | Pheromones is a chemical that is produced and emitted, controlling behavior of other organisms. |
| Integrated Pest Management | Combo of biological pesticides generally less expensive than straight pesticides but requires more involvement. |
| Eutrophication | An overload of nutrients when too much is in the water, theres an algae boom and it uses up the oxygen for fish. |
| Primary/Point Pollution | Pollution that comes from a central area. |
| Secondary/Nonpoint Pollution | When pollution area has become impacted by an outside or secondary source. |
| Thermal | Water warmer because of power plants. Adult fish can live in these more strenuous conditions over little fish. |
| Bioamplification | Can be stored in the fat of organisms. WHen the fat store is used, it becomes harmful to the organisms. |
| Mercury | warnings on eating fish. it causes neurological damage and messes with nervous system. |
| lead | used in paint and gas. Causes kidney and blood poisoning and neurological damage. Common in water foul and condors. |
| Selenium | Need some for digestion. Keterson NUR created problems and deformities in birds that bred there. |
| Noise and Stress | Deer are starving in winter and build up fat stores to get through. If there is a lot o this, they will use the fat store more quickly and not survive the winter. |
| Channelization | Making a winding stream go straight to speed up water flow. Riprapping in these streams as well. |
| Impact | some disturbance that causes a disturbance to the well-being of a population; usually resulting from humans |
| National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) | wildlife needs to be accounted for when we evaluate federal projects. Study the impact on animals. |
| Mitigation | The policy of constructing or creating man-made habitats, such as wetlands, to replace those lost to development. (VIEW 4 TYPES) avoidance, trade-off, reduce, reclamation) |
| didn't get: | zero, habitat destruction, and cruelty. |
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