| Term | Definition |
|---|
| 3' to 5' exonuclease | Many errors at the time of replication are corrected by the ___ activity of DNA pols I & III |
| pyrimidine dimers | DNA, when exposed to UV irradiation, forms... |
| cyclobutyl bonds | What is the name for the covalent bonds that create the pyrimidine dimers after UV irradiation? |
| bulge | What do cyclobutyl bonds cause in the DNA? |
| photolyase | An enzyme that uses the energy from visible light to cleave the cyclobutyl bond |
| nucleotide excision repair | NER |
| cut out offending nucleotides | What do NER enzymes do? |
| DNA pol I fills in missing section | What happens after the NER enzymes have cut out offending nucleotides? |
| gap sealed by DNA ligase | What happens after DNA pol I fills in a missing section? |
| BER | The set of enzymes that cleave out wrong bases |
| base excision repair | BER |
| uracil | What is a wrong base in DNA that comes about from the spontaneous deamination of cytosine? |
| hypoxanthine | What is a wrong base in DNA that comes about from the spontaneous deamination of adenine? |
| xanthine | What is a wrong base in DNA that comes about from the spontaneous deamination of guanine? |
| silent | A mutation where the altered codon still codes for the same amino acid |
| frameshift | A mutation which shifts the reading frame by adding or deleting base(s) |
| neutral | A mutation where the altered codon codes for a functional similar amino acid (no effect on the functionality of protein) |
| missense | A mutation where the altered codon is for a functionally different amino acid (can be lethal) |
| nonsense | A mutation which produces a stop codon leading to a truncated protein |
| leaky | A mutation which doesn't affect the organism under normal conditions. It will show up in "stressed" conditions. |
| mutagen | A physical or chemical agent which causes mutation to occur at a higher frequency |
| alternative tautomer, deamination, depurination | 3 common examples of natural or spontaneous mutagenesis |
| intercalators | What is a type of chemical that can cause induced mutagenesis? |
| planar ring structures, slide between base pairs, disrupt stacking | What are intercalators? |
| Ames test | A quick screening test for potential mutagenic compounds |
| salmonella with defect in histidine biosynthetic pathway | What bacteria is used in the Ames test? |
| increased revertants near test chemical | In the Ames test, if the compound is mutagenic, what will happen? |
| a few spontaneous revertants | In the Ames test, if the compound is not mutagenic, what will happen? |
Combine with other sets
Share on Facebook
Share on MySpace