| Term | Definition |
|---|
| disproportionation | the process by which a substance is transformed into two or more dissimilar substances, usually by simultaneous oxidation and reduction |
| half-reaction | the part of a reaction that involves only oxidation or reduction |
| oxidation | a reaction that removes one or more electrons from a substance such that the substance's valence or oxidation state increases |
| oxidation-reduction | any chemical change in which one species is oxidized (loses electrons) and another species is reduced (gains electrons); also called redox reaction |
| oxidized | describes an element that has lost electrons and that has increased its oxidation number |
| oxidizing agent | the substance that gains electrons in an oxidation-reduction reaction and that is reduced |
| reduced | describes a substance that has gained electrons, lost an oxygen atom, or gained a hydrogen atom |
| reducing agent | a substance that has the potential to reduce another substance |
| reduction | a chemical change in which electrons are gained, either by the removal of oxygen, the addition of hydrogen, or the addition of electrons |
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