| Term | Definition |
|---|
| a specific, fully specified form: play, plays | word form |
| abstract word entry for a series of word forms: PLAY for play, plays, played | lexeme |
| any formally identifiable piece of a word | morph |
| creates a new word-form of a single lexeme | inflection |
| creates a new lexeme: ung produces Verlängerung | derivation |
| tend to have regular meanings, are productive, usually do not change part of speech | inflectional affixes |
| irregular meanings, not productive, often change the part of speech, winter becomes winterize | derivational affixes |
| involves adding something to the base, most common morphological process | affixation |
| less common than suffixes, used only for derivation | prefixes |
| most common kind of affix, inflectional and derivational | suffixes |
| wrap around the base: ge- and t in German | circumfix |
| affix goes inside the base | infixation |
| part or all of the base is reduplicated | reduplication |
| new word-form is created by modifying a part of the base | base modification |
| 1. verb derivation mouth (noun) mouth (verb), 2. vowel mutation | base modification examples |
| 1. man, men 2. trage, trägst | vowel mutation examples |
| 1. 'discount, dis'count 2. 'import, im'port | intonation examples |
| which process is more common, and which do we try and fit into the other? | affixation or base modification? |
| roots consist of a series of consonants, vowels and affixes are added to the root to create a word-form | templatic morphology (Semitic languages) |
| most standard theories have to go to great lengths to accommodate it or can't deal with it at all | accounting for templatic morphology |
| 1. deer (sing) deer (plural) 2. fish, fish | zero morphs |
| when we expect two word-forms to be related yet they look nothing alike: go, went | suppletion |
| 1. treat it as the maximum possible base modification 2. admit it is an entirely different morphological process | accounting for suppletion |
| morph expresses more than one meaning or function: 1. Pers. Sing. Präs. Latin -us expresses case and number | portmanteau morphs |
| two or more morphosyntactic contexts but only one form: das is syncratic for neuter nominative and accusative | syncretism |
| 1. syncretism is just homophony (but syncretism is too systematic) 2. there is one das with two different meanings BUT then how does the grammar know how to choose between the two meanings? | accounting for syncretism |
| single meaning or grammatical category is expressed multiple times in a single word form | multiple exponence |
| expression of two or more categories overlaps in certain pieces of a word-form | overlapping exponence |
Combine with other sets
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