ch 52 vocab management of pt. w/ HIV and AIDS
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Created by:
caitdel on February 26, 2012
Subjects:
Classes:
NWIHT - Medical Surgical - AIDS
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32 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Alpha-interferon | protein substance that the body produces in response to infection |
| b-cell lymphoma | common malignancy in patients w/ HIV/AIDS |
| candidiasis | yeast infection of skin or mucous membrane |
| CCR5 | along w/ the CD4+ receptor, this cell surface molecule is used by HIV to fuse w/ the host's cell membranes |
| Cytomegalovirus | a species-specific herpes virus that may cause retinitis in people w/ AIDS |
| EIA (enzyme immunoassay) | a blood test that can determine the presence of antibodies to HIV in the blood or saliva; also referred to as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Positive results must be validated, usually w/ Western blot test |
| HIV-1 | retrovirus isolated and recognized as the etiologic agent of AIDS |
| HIV-2 | retrovirus identified in 1986 in AIDS patients in West Africa |
| HIV encephalopathy | degenerative neurologic condition characterized by a group of clinical presentations including loss of coordination, mood swings, loss of inhibitions, and widespread cognitive dysfunctions; formerly referred to as AIDS dementia complex (ADC) |
| Human papillomavirus (HPV) | viruses that cause various warts, including plantar and genital warts; some strains of HPV can also cause cervical cancer |
| Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome | a syndrome that results from rapid restoration of pathogen-specific immune responses to opportunistic infections; most often occurs after starting antiretroviral therapy |
| Kaposi's sarcoma | malignancy that involves the epithelial layer of blood and lymphatic vessels |
| Latent reservoir | the integrated HIV provirus w/in the CD4+ T cell during the resting memory state; does not express viral proteins and is invisible to the immune system and antiviral medications |
| Macrophage | large immune cell that devours invading pathogens and other intruders; can harbor large quantities of HIV w/out being killed, acting as a reservoir of the virus |
| Monocyte | large white blood cell that ingests microbes or other cells and foreign particles. When a monocyte enters tissues, it develops into a macrophage |
| Mycobacterium avium complex | opportunistic infection caused by mycobacterial organisms that commonly causes a respiratory illness but can also infect other body systems |
| Opportunistic infection | illness caused by various organisms, some of which usually do not cause disease in people w/ normal immune systems |
| P24 antigen | blood test that measures viral core protein; accuracy of test is limited b/c the p24 antibody binds w/ the antigen and makes it undetectable |
| Peripheral neuropathy | disorder characterized by sensory loss pain, muscle weakness, and wasting of muscles in the hands or legs and feet |
| Pneumocystis pneumonia or Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PCP) | common opportunistic lung infection caused by an organism, believed to be a fungus based on its structure |
| Polymerase chain reaction | a sensitive laboratory technique that can detect and quantify HIV in a person's blood or lymph nodes |
| Primary infection | 4 to7 week period of rapid viral replication immediately following infection; also known as acute HIV infection |
| Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy | opportunistic infection that infects brain tissue and causes damage to the brain and spinal cord |
| Protease inhibitor | medication that inhibits the function of protease, an enzyme needed for HIV replication |
| Provirus | viral genetic material in the form of DNA that has been integrated into the host genome. When it is dormant in human cells, HIV is in a proviral form |
| Retrovirus | a virus that carries genetic material in RNA instead of DNA and contains reverse transcriptase |
| Reverse transcriptase | enzyme that transforms single-stranded RNA into a double-stranded DNA |
| Viral load test | measures the quantity of HIV RNA in the blood |
| Viral set point | amount of virus present in the blood after the initial burst of viremia and the immune response that follows |
| Wasting syndrome | involuntary weight loss of 10% of baseline body weight w/ chronic diarrhea or chronic weakness and documented fever |
| Western blot assay | a blood test that identifies antibodies to HIV and is used to confirm the results of an EIA (ELISA) test |
| Window period | time from infection w/ HIV until seroconversion detected on HIV antibody test |
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