The Industrial Revolution!
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Created by:
Meraiah11 on February 26, 2012
Subjects:
european history, industrial revolution
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45 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Adam Smith | considered founder of laissez-faire economics; author of The Wealth of Nations |
| Karl Marx | German philosopher, along with Friedrich Engels wrote The Communist Manifesto |
| Jethro Tull | seed drill |
| James Hargreaves | spinning jenny |
| Eli Whitney | cotton gin; interchangeable parts |
| James Watt | improved steam engine |
| Henry Bessemer/William Kelly | steel using the converter(purifies iron ore) |
| Charles Goodyear | vulcanization process (usable rubber) |
| George Stephenson | railway |
| Robert Fulton | steamboat |
| Samuel Morse | telegraph |
| Michael Faraday | electricity discoveries; devloped first electric generator |
| Thomas Edison | light bulb; developed a system for transmitting electricity from a central powerhouse |
| Alexander Graham Bell | telephone |
| Guglielmo Marconi | radio |
| Henry Ford | automobile |
| Wilbur & Orville Wright | airplane |
| Charles Darwin | Naturalist; theory of evolution |
| Louis Pasteur | "pasteurization process" (heating liquids to kill bacteria) |
| Alexander Fleming | "penicillin" to fight bacterial infections |
| Dmitry Mendeleyev | periodic table |
| Wilhelm C. Rontgen | "the X-ray" (ray that could go through many substances including skin & tissue) |
| Pierre & Marie Currie | the term "radioactivity" (elements break down & release energy) |
| Albert Einstein | "special theory of relativity" (no particles move faster than the speed of light); "E=mc2" (mass can be transformed into energy & energy into mass) |
| assembly line | industrial production method that breaks down a complex job into a series of smaller steps |
| division of labor | factory owners divided manufacturing process between workers & machines |
| interchangeable parts | identical components that can be used in place of one another in manufacturing |
| mass production | producing large numbers of an identical product |
| depression | period in which the decreased demand for goods causes the economy to sink |
| strike | a concerted stopping of work or withdrawal of workers' services, as to compel an employer to consent to workers' demands or in protest against terms or conditions imposed by an employer |
| labor union | workers' organization |
| monopoly | complete control of a product or business by one person or group |
| capitalism | economic situation in which the means of production are privately owned and operated for profit |
| mercantilism | economic theory that the world contains a fixed amount of wealth; in order to increase wealth, countries must take wealth from another country |
| business cycle | pattern of alternating cycles of prosperity and decline |
| free enterprise | economic theory in which there are no laws or regulations limited economic growth |
| laissez-faire | policy allowing businesses to operate with little or no government interference |
| socialism | system in which the people as a whole rather than private individuals own all property and operate all businesses |
| communism | form of socialism advocating by Karl Marx; according to Marx, class struggle was inevitable and would lead to the creation of a classless society in which all wealth and property would be owned by the community as a whole |
| emigration | movement away from one's homeland |
| romanticism | artistic movement which showed life as they thought it should be rather than as it was |
| realism | artistic movement whose aim was to represent the world as it is |
| naturalism | form of realism that depicted the ugly and unpleasant aspects of life in society |
| impressionism | form of realism in which painters depicted vivid impressions of people and places |
| regionalism | loyalty to a local area |
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