AP World History Unit II Study Guide
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68 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Muhammad's Flight to Mecca | 622 |
| Ayan | Rule landholding elite |
| Pressure for change in pre-Islamic society | Greater Byzantine and sasanian control over arabic tribes of the peninsula and Arabic migration to Mesopotamia |
| Bedouins | Arabic camel nomads |
| Ridda | Wars to defeat rival prophets and restore unity of Islam |
| 5 pillars of Islam | 1-confession of faith 2-prayer to Mecca 5 times a day 3-fasting during Ramadan 4-zakat: giving to poor. Charity 5-hajj: pilgrimage if you can afford |
| Nature of Bedouin society | Except for some sedentary agriculture in south, there was little art or architecture ad the chief focus was on oral poetry. |
| Nature of islamic religion in southeast Asia | -Becaise islam came from India, it was spread -by Sufis, holy men -devoleped mystical nature that incorporated much of indigenous religions |
| Date Muslims came to India | 711 |
| Succession disputes in Islam | Succession disputes led to build up of personal armies often of slave soldiers |
| Literary figures of Abbasid empire | Sa'di Firdawsi Ibn'rushd Omar Khayyam **womwn often married at puberty--age 9 |
| Hinduism Challenges of Islam | Placed greater emphasis on devotional (bhaktic) cults of gods and goddesses (ie shiva and Vishnu) |
| Berbers | -native desert dwellers of north Africa -part of group from puritanical reform movements almashids and almashads |
| Askia | Military title taken by later rulers of Songhay |
| Political organization of Kongo | Confederation of smaller dates brought together under control of king and divided into 8 provinces |
| African societies unaffected by Christianity | did not have a system of writing |
| Economies of Africa | -trade handled by professional merchants -NorthAfrica fully involved in Mediterranean and Arabic economic systems -settled agriculture and iron working established -stateless societies found it difficult to maintain long distance trade |
| Hagia Sophia | great church built in Constantinople by Justinian |
| Significance of Byzantine empire | -its development of orthodox christianity that broke off from Roman in 1054 -empire's ability to survive for almost 1000 years -ability to spread its culture -capital was major urban center |
| Basil II | emperor that became renowned in the 11th century as the slayer of the Bulgarians |
| Strengths of Byzantine cultural life | -richly colored mosaics -painted icons -certain amount of diversity -dome buildings adapted from roman style |
| Conquest of Kievan Russia | the mongols/tatars were responsible for this |
| Moldboard | -technological innovation -plow thatallowed deeper turning of soil |
| Expansion of Christianityin Europe | Iceland Greenland Spain Eastern Germany Poland |
| Holy Roman Emperors after 10th century | rule became increasingly hollow because they did not build a solid monarchy for regional foundations |
| Manorial System | -obligations bore heavily on serfs -practically self sufficient -agricultural production low -originated in Roman Empire |
| Tambos | way station along roads in Incan Empire |
| Aztec women and position | spent many hours grinding grain for food because there wasno wheel |
| Aztec cities fighting for control | Culhuacan Azcapotzalco Texcoco Tlacopan |
| Nature of Aztec economy | -Aztec state redistributed many goods recieved trough tribute -specialized merchant class |
| women in Tang-Song Era | assertion of male dominance in family was especially pronounced |
| Sui dynasty | dynasty that entered period of political chaos after the fall of the Qin Han |
| Tang emperors toward Confucian Scholar | suppoorted rebirth of Confucian scholar gentry often at theexpense of the aristocracy |
| Cultural traits introduced into Veitnam | -Chinese military organization -Chinese-styled schools -Chinese agricultural cropping techniques and irrigation -Chinese examination system and beaurocracy |
| Rise of Samurai on the peasantry | Japanese peasants reduced to status of serfs bound to the land they worked |
| Tale of Genji | lifein imperial court of Heian |
| Status of Mongolian women Yuan dynasty | -Mongolian women remained relativelyindeppendent -refused to practice footbinding -retained rights and property |
| Mongol conquest of Song China | proved one of toughest areas for Mongols to conquer |
| Ekaterinberg Mongol invasion | city that profitted mostfrom Mongol invasion |
| Ming dynasty | dynasty that succeeded Mongol-Yuan |
| Cessation of trade under Ming dynasty | in Chinese terms, a brief emphasis on trading and commerce that was unusual not cessational |
| Symptoms of decline of Arabic Caliphate | -decline in tax revenue for state -landlords ceased to experiment with new agricultural techniques -landlords seized power over peasants -narrowing of intellectual life symbolizedby triumph of religion |
| Status of artisans Abbasid cities | artisans were free men who owned their own tools andcreated guilde-like organizations to neggotiate wages |
| Reasons for nonconversions in Islam | would have had to share booty and would have lost tax revenue |
| Mahmud of Ghazni | descendent of turkish slave dynasty in Afghanistanwhich led a series of expaditions into India to siezegold and such |
| Common cultural traits of East African Coast | Bantu-based and Arab-influenced Swahilli language |
| Political and religious universality in Africa | neither universal state Christianity and Islam found adherence in Africa |
| Justinian's positive contributions | -allowed for new architectural innovation -systemization of Roman ligal code -rebuilding of Constantinople -construction og Hagia Sophia |
| Tatar invasion of Russia | Tatar supervision didn't destroy Russian Christianity or nativeRussian aristocracy |
| Peter Alderlard | Persian scholar who was the author of "Yes and No" and utilizes logic to examine ecclesiatical doctrine |
| dates of Toltec Empire | lasted until 1150 |
| Era of Division | period of political disorder and chaotic warfare that followed the Qin-Han Era |
| Buddhist Monks | group that threatened the security of Japanese imperial court that imperial court moved to Heian |
| Methods to keep Mongols and Chinese separate | -Mongols forbidden to marry ethnic Chinese -Chinese scholar couldn'tlearn Mongol language -military forces kept separate -only women from nomadic tribe selected for imperial herum |
| year Ming halted voyages | 1433 |
| status of women in Bedouin society | enjoyed greater freedom and higher status than Byzantine and Persian women |
| Groups responsible for Islamic conversion | traders merchants Sufi mystics |
| causes of split to Caltolocism and Orthodox | -icons -Roman Catholic practice of requiring celebacy for priests |
| Feudal monarchy in England | introduced abruptlt following 1066, while French feudal monarchy developed slower |
| Andean civilization | religious practicemost closely associated with state and person was Sun god |
| Zhu Xi and neo-Confician Song | most prominent of all neo-Confucian scholars bades in Japan among warrior elites |
| Decline of Tang dynasty | corresponded with development of regional power |
| Basic unit of Mongol society | tribe |
| Beginnings of Renaissance | begins in Italy |
| Political and religious successorin Islam | caliph |
| Islamic invasions of India | withmuslims, people of india encountered for the first time a large scale influx of invadors with a civilization as sophisticated as their own |
| Juula | African traders associated with the Mali empire |
| Muhammad ibn Qasim | commander of first Islamic incusion into the send in 711 |
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