1.
"farm bloc": a coalition of Midwestern and Southern legislators in Congress in 1921 interested in strengthening agriculture that worked closely with the newly organized Farm Bureau Federation to provide necessary support for renewed action. President Harding signed the Capper-Volstead Act into law on February 18, 1922
2.
"Ohio Gang": President Harding filled many appointive positions with old political and personal friends from his home state. This group, headed by his attorney general, Harry Daugherty, soon became involved in corruption and numerous scandals, abusing their office for personal profit
3.
Adjusted Compensation Act: it was passed by Congress on May 19, 1924. It was also referred to as "The Soldier's Bonus" and was passed over a veto by President Calvin Coolidge to grant veterans a cash payment for the loss of wages due to wartime service. It was achieved by the political efforts of the Veterans of Foreign Wars. The World War 1 veterans had been seeking this bonus which was a promise made by Congress. And in 1925, the act provided payment to these veterans.
4.
Adkins v. Children's Hospital (1923): In 1918, Congress enacted a law which guaranteed a minimum wage to women and children employed in the District of Columbia. The Court found that upholding the statute would dangerously extend the police power of the state and, thus, found it unconstitutional. Congress simply had enacted a "price-fixing law."
5.
Albert B. Fall: President Harding's secretary of the interior, he arranged to lease government oil reserves to private oil companies in return for personal, non-repayable "loans." The central figure in the Teapot Dome scandal, he was eventually fined and imprisoned for accepting a bribe.
6.
Andrew Mellon: he was secretary of the treasury in the 1920s. He supported low taxes for the rich, higher tariffs, a return to laissez-faire policies, and cutting government expenses through more efficient administration. His policies balanced the federal budget and reduced the national debt
7.
Calvin Coolidge: elected vice president and succeeded as 30th President of the United States when Harding died in 1923 (1872-1933)
8.
Charles Evans Hughes: was elected governor of New York in 1906 and appointed as an associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court in 1910. He resigned from the bench in 1916 to run for president and returned to private law practice after losing one of the closest elections in American history to Woodrow Wilson. Appointed secretary of state by President Warren Harding in 1921, he later served as a judge of the Permanent Court of Arbitration and the Permanent Court of International Justice before President Herbert Hoover appointed him chief justice of the United States in 1930. As chief justice from 1930 to 1941, he is credited with maintaining the Supreme Court's ability to function as an independent, coequal branch of government, and for balancing the progressive forces unleashed by the Depression against the conservative forces that sought to confine regulation to a narrow sphere
9.
Charles R. Forbes: was appointed the first director of the Veterans' Bureau by President Warren G. Harding in 1921. He gave himself the rank of Colonel in the US Army, from which he had deserted in 1912.
10.
Fordney-McCumber Tariff: reflected American isolationist inclinations following World War I. The Republican Party wanted to quickly reverse the low rates of the Underwood-Simmons Tariff of the Wilson administration. The Republicans claimed that the bill would help end the current recession by providing protection for American workers. The average duty on all imports was 14 percent, and the average on dutiable imports was 38.5 percent. Though it had higher average rates than the Underwood-Simmons Tariff, it was still less than the Payne-Aldrich Tariff. However, for several goods, including raw sugar, metals and some agricultural products, the rates of this act were the highest
11.
Harry M. Daugherty: he served two terms in the Ohio state legislature (1890-1894) and managed Warren Harding's presidential campaign in 1920. Harding appointed him attorney general in 1921, but he became embroiled in scandal, refusing to turn over records to the Senate committee investigating alien property transfers. President Coolidge demanded his resignation in 1924. He was tried twice for defrauding the government, but he was never convicted and returned to Ohio to practice law
12.
Herbert Hoover: during World War I, he was appointed Hoover head of the Food Administration. He served as the Secretary of Commerce under Presidents Harding and Coolidge. He eventually won the Republican nomination in 1928 and proceeded to defeat Alfred E. Smith, the Democratic governor of New York, in a landslide.
13.
John W. Davis: He had served as solicitor general and as ambassador to Great Britain under twenty-eighth President Woodrow Wilson. He was a Wall Street lawyer from West Virginia
14.
Kellogg-Briand Pact: signed on August 27, 1928, it was a multilateral agreement attempting to eliminate war as an instrument of national policy. It lacked the ability to establish a means of enforcement, therefore it rendered the agreement completely ineffective
15.
McNary-Haugen Bill: passed Congress in 1927 and again in 1928. It proposed a plan to raise farm prices by having the government purchase price-depressing farm surpluses and sell them in foreign markets. Farmers would pay an "equalization fee" for losses the government might incur in the sale. President Coolidge twice vetoed the bill as unconstitutional and contrary to the free-enterprise system.
16.
Robert LaFollette: senator, congressman, governor of Wisconsin and candidate for President (1912 and 1924)
17.
Teapot Dome Scandal: it was a government oil reserve in Wyoming under the navy's control. It became involved in a situation when President Harding's secretary of the interior, Albert Fall, leased the reserves to private oil companies in return for a bribe.
18.
Warren G. Harding: A Republican from Ohio, he was the first United States senator to be elected president, serving from 1921 until his death from a heart attack on August 2, 1923. His election, predicated on a pledge to return the nation to "normalcy," ushered in a period of conservative Republicanism designed to slow the momentum of progressive legislation.
19.
Washington Naval Conference: U.S. Secretary of State Charles Evan Hughes called a meeting to reaffirm the Open Door policy in Asia and place limitations on naval construction from November 12, 1921-February 6, 1922. The meeting achieved some of his goals, but only for a brief time.
20.
William Howard Taft: 27th President of the United States and later chief justice of the United States Supreme Court (1857-1930). He alienated many liberal Republicans who later formed the Progressive Party, by defending the Payne-Aldrich Act which unexpectedly continued high tariff rates. His administration initiated 80 antitrust suits and that Congress submitted to the states amendments for a Federal income tax and the direct election of Senators.
