ANT 300 3/4 (5)
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Created by:
Jacqueline1492 on February 26, 2012
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44 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 William Bateson | Created the term 'genetcis',concept of gene before discovery of DNA |
| Gregor Mendel | Explored the laws of heredity (pea plants) demonstrated particulate inheritance |
| Structural Genes | Produce proteins, similar between related species |
| Regulatory genes | Guide the expression of structural gene, critical for determining form of the organism |
| Genotype | set of specific genes, an organism carries |
| Phenotype | product of the genes but also the environment |
| ABO blood type | Three alleles: A,B and O |
| Obesity | Interaction between genes, environments and phenotypes: genes-regulate appetite, fat storage and metabolism |
| law of segregation | first law of heredity stating that pairs of alleles for a trait separate when gametes are formed |
| Law of Independent assortment | Mendelian principle stating that genes for different traits are inherited independently of each other |
| Mutation | Error that occurs in DNA replication, change in DNA that becomes established in the daughter cell |
| Sickle Cell Disease | recessive disorder, sickle shaped cell, can't carry oxygen and can clog blood vessels, can cause many problems including paralysis |
| Autosomal Recessive Disease | a disease caused by the presence of two recessive mutant genes on an autosome |
| Trinucleotide repeat disease | Insertion mutation or deletion mutation of several bases in sequence of a gene |
| autosomal dominant disease | Ex: Huntington disease: repeat of the sequence CAG on chromosome 4 |
| 'bad' mutation | reduction in the protein's ability to function causing mild reduction in fitness |
| neutral mutation | no change in protien from of fuction or slight change with no effect on reproduction |
| 'good' mutation | increase protein's ability, enhances fitness, ultimate source of variation |
| X linked disorders | genetic conditions that result from mutations to genes on the X chromosome, usually expressed in males |
| Qualitative Variation | Phenotypic variation that can be characterized as belonging to discrete, observable categories |
| Quantitative variation | phenotypic variation that is characterized by the distribution of continuous variation within a population |
| Types of Variation | Mutation, Chromosomal Mutation |
| Natural Selection | forces on traits an individual inherits and alters in responce to the environment |
| Directional selection | occurs when natural selection favors one of the extreme variations of a trait ex: finch breaks larger/stronger during drought |
| Stabilizing Selection | maintains a certain phenotype. ex: baby weight |
| Gene flow | movement of genes between populations ex: Blue eye pitcairn |
| Genetic drift | random change in gene frequency in a population. odds are greatest in small populations |
| sexual selection | differential reporductive success within one sex of any species |
| Taxonomy | a classification of organisms into groups based on similarities of structure or origin etc |
| Homology | Similarity in characteristics resulting from a shared ancestry. |
| convergent evolution | the process by which unrelated species become more similar as they adapt to the same kind of environment |
| Biological species concept | definition of a species as a population or group of populations whose members can breed with one another in nature and produce fertile offspring |
| reproductive isolation | condition in which a reproductive barrier keeps two species from interbreeding |
| reproductive Isolating Mechanism | Any structure or function that is genetically determined and prevents interbreeding between organisms |
| evolutionary species concept | Defines species according to evolutionary history and common ancestors |
| Ecological species concept | The idea that ecological roles (niches) define species. |
| Recognition species concept | a concept that defines a species as a set of organisms that recognise each other as potential mates |
| Allopatric Speciation | The formation of a new species as a result of an ancestral population's becoming isolated by a geographic barrier. |
| parapatric speciation | species arise from sharing a common boarder or hybrid zone creating two species |
| sympatric speciation | the formation of new species in populations that live in the same geographic area |
| Tempo of Speciation | how long it takes for new species to form |
| macroevolution | large-scale evolutionary changes that take place over long periods of time |
| adaptation | adaptation are evolved phenotypic trats that increase an organism's reproductive success |
| Hardy-Weinberg | original proportions of genotypes in a population will remain constant from generation to generation |
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