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air pollutant any airborne gas or particle that occurs at a concentration capable of harming living things or disrupting the functioning of the environment conduction the transfer of heat or another form of energy from one particle of a substance to another convection the transfer of heat energy in a liquid or gas through the circulation of currents of heated particles within the substance heat the total kinetic energy of all of the particles of a substance insolation the solar radiationg (energy from the sun) that reaches Earth ionosphere the portion of the thermosphere between about 90 and 500 kilometers aboce Earth, where the air is highly ionized due to the eddects of the sun's ultraviolet rays isotherm a line drawn on a weather map through places having the same atmospheric temperature at a given time mesosphere the layer of the Earth's atmosphere that extencs from the stratosphere to the thermosphere, characterized by decreasing temperatures ozone a molecule of oxygen that consists of three oxygen atoms radiation the transfer of ebergy through space by electromagnetic waves stratosphere the layer of the earth's atmosphere that extends from the troposphere to the mesosphere temperature the measure of the average kinetic energy of the atoms or molecules in a substance temperature inversion an increase in temperature with an increase in altitude; occurs when a layer of cold air is trapped beneath a layer of warm air thermosphere the layer of the earth's atmosphere above the mesosphere, characterized by increasing temperature with altitude troposphere the lowest layer of the earth's atmosphere, characterized by decreasing temperature with altitude