Chem 150 Midterm
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33 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Thermochemistry | branch of chemistry that deals with energy absorbed or released by chemical reactions |
| Thermodynamics | the study of energy transfer and energy transformation |
| Energy | ability to do work |
| Kinetic Energy | energy an object has when moving; KE= (1/2)mv^2 |
| Kinetic Molecular Theory | Temperature of an object is proportional to Average KE of Particles |
| High Temperature (effect on KE?) | High Kinetic Energy |
| Low Temperature (effect on KE?) | Low Kinetic Energy |
| Heat (q) or Thermal Energy | KE transferred on molecular level between object because of Temperature Difference; Heat Transferred from One Object to Another; q1= q2 |
| Potential Energy | stored energy |
| chemical energy | portential energy that chemicals have |
| PE of objects that attract each other | PE INCREASES as objects move apart, PE DECREASES as objects move closer |
| PE of objects that repel each other | PE DECREASES as objects move apart; PE INCREASES as objects move closer |
| Law of Conservation of Energy aka 1st Law of Thermodynamics | Energy cannot be created nor destroyed; it can only be changed from one form to another; universe = CONSTANT |
| Internal energy | sum of all energies for all individ particles in a sample of matter; delta E = E (products) - E (reactants) |
| if temperature is doubled, KE is... | doubled! |
| State function | property that depends only on the object's current condition; INDEPENDENT from mechanism by which a change occurs |
| examples of state function | elevation, pressure, volume, temperature, internal energy, enthalpy, entropy, gibb's free energy, number of molecules in object |
| path function | property that depends on the route/path taken to reach one state from another; ex: length, work, heat |
| system | object that are interested in studying |
| open system | can exchange matter or energy with surrounding |
| closed system | can exchange ONLY energy WITH surrounding |
| isolated system | CANNOT exchange matter OR energy w/ surrounding; ADIABATIC PROCESSES |
| surrounding | everything that is not a system |
| universe | system + surrounding |
| heat capacity (C) | quantity of heat needed to raise temperature of an object by 1 degree Celsius; C = q / delta (t) |
| extensive property | depends on amount of object; related to heat capacity |
| greater amount of object leads to ____________ heat capacity | greater |
| molar heat capacity | quantity of heat needed to raise temperature of 1 mol of substance by 1 degree Celsius |
| specific heat (s) | quantity of heat needed to raise temperature of 1 g of substance by 1 degree Celsius; s= q/ (m * delta(1)) |
| intensive property | INDEPENDENT of amount of object; related to specific heat |
| (for specific heat) greater amount of object leads to | same specific heat |
| Work (w) | energy transferred as work when a system expands or contracts against the pressure exerted by the surroundings; w= - P * delta(V) |
| enthalpy (H) | heat content of a system |
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