Chapter 13: The Rise of a Mass Democracy
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50 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Monroe | last president of the Virginia Dynasty |
| Henry Clay | candidate in the Election of 1824; eliminated first, but was the Speaker of the House; basically got to choose who the president would be |
| Corrupt Bargain of 1824 | as Speaker of the House Clay chose Adams as president because he was also a nationalist and supporter of the American System; Adams made him Secretary of State |
| Adams | irritable, sarcastic, and tactless; unpopular; accused of corruption, refused to oust officeholders to fill positions with his supporters |
| increase infrastructure, astronomical observatory, attempt to deal fairly with Indians | Adams' actions in office |
| Election of 1828 | election between Adams (National Republican) and Jackson (Democratic Republican) |
| Adams | during the Election of 1828: portrayed as oak, corrupt, accused of gambling and big pimpin', supporters from the Northeast and New England |
| Jackson | during the Election of 1828: portrayed as Hickory, frontiersman, common man, western and southern support |
| Jackson | winner of the election of 1828 by a landslide in the Electoral College |
| Spoils System | system of rewarding political supporters with public office; rampant under Jackson |
| Tariff of 1828 | Jacksonites proposed a huge tariff expecting to be defeated; would look really bad for Adams; it passed and Jackson was stuck with the hot potato |
| South | most angered over the Tariff of 1828; felt discriminated against because they were having tough economic times while the north's manufacturing flourished; not protected by their own tariff |
| The Exposition | pamphlet by Calhoun; called the tariff of 1828 unconstitutional; called on states to nullify the tariff |
| Tariff of 1832 | response to the Nullies in South Carolina; pared away the worst abominations, but still protective; did not quite meet Southern demands |
| Compromise Tariff of 1833 | reduced the tariff of 1832 by 10% over 8 years; favored by Calhoun and the South |
| Force Bill | authorized the president to use the army and navy if necessary to collect federal tariff duties |
| The Society for Propagating the Gospel Among Indians | sent missionaries to the Native Americans in attempts to assimilate them into White society |
| Cherokees | Georgia tribe which adopted white customs such as alphabet, schools, three branches of government, and slavery |
| 1828 | year that Georgia declared the Indian government illegal and exacted their control over the Indian nations |
| Indian Removal Act | transplanting of all indian tribes east of the Mississippi (under Jackson); forced migration |
| Bureau of Indian Affairs | administered relations with Native Americans; Government's promises went up in smoke as settlers continued to push west |
| Black Hawk's Rebellion | Indians led by Black Hawk resisted eviction, but were crushed by American troops |
| Seminole | tribe that rebelled against eviction under their leader Osceola, until he was captured |
| Nicholas Biddle | president of the Bank of the United States; Jackson felt he had too much power over the nation's finances |
| Clay and Webster | pushed for a renewal of the Bank's charter 4 years early to make it an election issue; if the president vetoed it, it would alienate the wealthy, if he passed it, it would alienate his western followers |
| McCulloch vs. Marylans | Marshall court case in which the Bank of the United States was deemed constitutional |
| Election of 1832 | `Clay vs. Jackson; Anti-Masonic party emerges |
| Anti-Masonic Party | opposed the influence and secrecy of orders such as the masons; appealed to evangelical protestants who wanted religion at the forefront of everyday life; influence in Mid-Atlantic and New England States |
| 1833 | year that Jackson decides to exterminate the bank by withdrawing all federal deposits; Jackson's Cabinet opposed |
| Biddle's Panic | Biddle called in all the loans for the bank; collapsed it along with several other smaller banks; smaller wildcat banks got federal funding and started printing paper money like crazy |
| Specie Circular | issued by Jackson; required all public lands to be purchased with metallic money |
| Whigs | Recalled British and Revolutionary American opposition to monarchy;l united under hatred of Jackson; supporters of the American System, states' rights, northern industrialists and merchants, evangelical protestants; conservative |
| Election of 1836 | Martin Van Buren vs. William Henry Harrison; Van Buren squeaked by into presidency |
| Van Buren | accomplished strategist and spoilsman, statesman of wide experience, intelligent and educated, mild-mannered |
| conflict with Britain along northern frontier, anti-slavery movement, annexation of Texas, prelude to economic depression | problems faced by Van Buren |
| Panic of 1837 | caused by rampant overspeculation of Western lands and failure of wheat crops, economic failures in Britain as well; caused many American banks and factories to close; high unemployment rate |
| Divorce Bill | divorced the government from the Bank forever |
| Independent Treasury Bill | created an independent government treasury; went through a cycle of being approved and declined until it merged with the Federal Reserve System in the next century |
| Stephen Austin | granted land by Mexican government in exchange for bringing in 300 Roman Catholic Families; went to Santa Anna to negotiate slavery and was put in prison |
| slavery, immigration, local rights | issues between the Americans and the Texans |
| Lone Star Rebellion | Texans declared their independence under Sam Houston |
| 1836 | year that Texans declared their independence |
| Alamo | site where the Mexican forces trapped and slaughtered the American forces including Bowie and Crockett |
| San Jacinto | site where American forces led the Mexicans and attacked during their siesta; captured Santa Anna and got him to sign two treaties |
| withdraw mexican troops, recognize rio grande as Texan border | agreements of Santa Anna to the Texan forces |
| Election of 1840 | demonstrated how aristocracy was looked down upon and the common man was revered; demonstrated the emergence of a two-party system; Van Buren vs. William Henry Harrison |
| Whigs | □ Harmony of society and community □ Use government to realize objectives □ Renewed national bank □ Protective tariff □ Internal improvements □ Moral reforms |
| Democrats | □ Liberty of the individual □ Hated inroads of privilege into government □ States' rights and federal restraint |
| Cherokee vs. Georgia | Marshall rules that Indians have no standing in court because they are not a foreign nation |
| Worcester vs. Georgia | § NA community was a distinct political community in which the laws of Georgia could not apply § Their land could only be entered with permission § Essentially saying that you cannot move Native Americans § Certain degree of sovereignty there |
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