Microbiology Test 3
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Created by:
HPRICE0013 on February 27, 2012
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69 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Polyenes | Drug Description: Antifungal drug that inhibits cell membranes |
| Polyenes | Description and mode of action: Inhibits cell membrane by forming a pore through the fungal membrane, which leads to leakage of essential ions from the cell |
| Polyenes | Representative: Amphotericin B |
| Quinolones | Drug Description: Antiprotozoal drug that inhibits DNA synthesis |
| Quinolones | Description and mode of action: Inhibits metabolism of malaria parasites by one or more unknown methods |
| Quinolones | representative: Several such as chloroquine |
| Tetracycline | Drug Description: Antibacterial drug that inhibits protein synthesis |
| Tetracycline | Description and mode of action: Prevents tRNA molecules from binding to ribosomes @ the 30S subunits docking site |
| Tetracycline | Representative: Tetracycline |
| Trimethoprim | Drug Description: Antibacterial drug that are antimetabolites |
| Trimethoprim | Description and mode of action: Blocks second metabolic step in the formation of folic acid from PABA; synergistic with sulfonamides |
| Trimethoprim | Representative: Trimethoprim |
| Vancomycin | Drug Description: Antibacterial drug that inhibits cell wall synthesis |
| Vancomycin | Description and mode of action: Directly interferes with the formation of alanine-alanine bridges between NAM subunits |
| Vancomycin | Representative: Vancomycin |
| Macrolides | Drug Description: Antibacterial drug that inhibits cell wall synthesis |
| Macrolides | Description and mode of action: Binds to 50S subunit of prokaryotic ribosomes and preventing the elongation of the nascent protein |
| Macrolides | Representative: Erythromycin |
| Beta-lactams | Drug Description: Antibacterial drug that inhibits cell wall synthesis |
| Beta-lactams | Representative: Methicillin |
| Beta-lactams | Description and mode of action: Binds to and deactivates the enzymes that cross link the NAM subunits of peptidoglycan |
| Ribavirin | Drug Description: Antiviral drug that inhibits nucleic acid synthesis |
| Ribavirin | Representative: Ribavirin |
| Ribavirin | Description and mode of action: Inhibits DNA and RNA synthesis; viral DNA polymerase more likely to incorporate the drugs |
| Polymyxin | Drug Description: Antibacterial drug that alter cytoplasmic membranes of susceptible cells |
| Polymyxin | Representative: Polymyxin |
| Polymyxin | Description and mode of action: Destroys cytoplasm membranes of susceptible cells |
| Sulfonamides | Drug Description: Antibacterial drug that are antimetabolites |
| Sulfonamides | Representative: Several such as sulfadoxine |
| Sulfonamides | Description and mode of action: Analogs of PABA that bind irreversibly to enzyme that produces dihydrofolic acid; synergistic with Trimethoprim |
| Budding | In prokaryotes and yeasts, reproductive process in which an outgrowth of the parent cell receives a copy of the genetic material, enlarges, and detaches. In virology, extrusion of enveloped virions through the host's cell membrane |
| Ontogenesis | Theory suggests that more than one hit to the DNA whether caused by virus or various physical or chemical agents, is required to induce cancer. In this theory, revolves around the presence of proto-oncogenes, when repressed no cancer results |
| Persistent Infection | Infections with enveloped viruses in which host cells shed viruses slowly and relatively steadily. A curve showing virus abundance over time during a persistent infection lacks the burst of new virions seen in lyptic cycle |
| Latency | The process where a virus remains dormant in cells. For example Chickenpox and Herpes |
| Ionizing radiation | What is used for microbial control in fresh fruits and vegetables? |
| UV light & HEPA filters | What can be used to disinfect air? |
| Autoclaving and Incineration | Effective means of sterilization |
| Viruses & control of microbes (destroy the membrane) | 70% alcohol is effective against what? |
| Inhibit cell wall synthesis | What do penicillins, cephalosporins, bacitracin, and vancomycin do? |
| Inhibit protein synthesis | What do Chloramphenicol plus clindamycin and metronidazole, Erythromycin, Tetracyclines, and Streptomycin do? |
| Inhibit nucleic acid synthesis | What do Quinolones & Rifamycins (rifampin) do? |
| Injury to plasma membrane | What do polymyxin B (Gm. Neg.)& Miconazole fungi cause? |
| Inhibit synthesis of essential metabolites | What do Sulfanilamide & Trimethoprim do? |
| Brain | Infection of the _____ would be the hardest to treat with antimicrobial drugs |
| They are caused by viruses | Why is it inappropriate to prescribe antibacterial agents to treat clods or flu? |
| Inhibiting protein synthesis | Most broad-spectrum antibiotics act by ________? |
| Retarding Resistance | β-lactamase production is an example of what type of resistance? (Inactivation of the drug) |
| Spirochete | What is a flexible, spiral-shape bacterium |
| Hyperthermophiles | Microbes growing in boiling hot mineral springs are generally ________? |
| Bacillus and Clostridium | Which bacterial genera produce endospores? |
| Scarce | Endospores can be produced when nutrients are ______? |
| Lactobacillus | ________ protects areas of the body such as the intestinal tract and the vagina from invasion by pathogen |
| Tetanus, Gangrene, Botulism, Diarrhea | What are the diseases associated with clostridia? |
| Viroid | _____ are small circular pieces of RNA with no capsid that infect and cause disease in plants. Similar pathogenic RNA molecules have been found in fungi. Also, are acellular disease-causing agents that lack cell structure and cannot metabolize, grow, self-reproduce, or respond to their environment |
| Attachment, Entry, Synthesis, Release | What are the stages of Lytic replication cycle in order? |
| Lysogeny | _______ is advantageous to Bacteriophages since the genetic material of the Bacteriophages can be passed on the future generations of cells |
| Cytoplasm | In contrast to most dsDNA animal viruses, the poxviruses replicate solely in the ________ of the host cell |
| Capsid | What is the infectious particles of fungi have RNA genomes and lack a ______? (like viriods) |
| Symptoms | What are subjective characteristics of a disease that only the patient can feel |
| Signs | What are observable characteristics of a disease |
| Pneumocystis jiroveci | The fungus _______ _______ is found in the lungs of most people in low numbers, but in immunocompromised people it overgrows, resulting in serve respiratory problems. The fungus is best described as both resident microbiota and opportunistic pathogen |
| Fomites | What are objects inadvertently used to transfer pathogens to new hosts, e.g. Glass and towel? |
| Vibrio cholera | Write the name of the organism that causes cholera |
| Parasitisms | A relationship between two organisms where one member harms the other is called ________? |
| Reservoir | A source of microbial contamination is known as a ________? |
| Botulism & HPV | List two diseases due to lysogenic conversion (phage conversion) |
| Retrovirus | What type of virus cause AIDS? |
| Feline spongiform encephalopathies, Kuru in human | List two diseases caused by prions |
| Borrelia burgdorferi | Write the name of the organism that causes Lyme disease |
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