BIOL 121 Chp 2 Vocab: Chemical Level of Organization, Part 1
About this set
Created by:
robswatski Teacher on June 26, 2009
Subjects:
biol 121, anatomy, physiology, biology, chemistry, organic, inorganic, biochemistry, bond, atom, energy, water, science
Description:
This set contains vocabulary words from the first half of Chp 2: The Chemical Level of Organization (Tortora & Derrickson, Principles of Anatomy & Physiology, 13th Ed, Wiley, 2012). Visit my iTunes U site for Anatomy podcasts and PDF files of all of my anatomy photo visual guides! http://itu (see more)
Classes:
Anatomy & Physiology, 4N0 basic nursing, Anatomy and Physiology I (BIOL 121) Study Group
Log in to favorite or report as inappropriate.
Order by
81 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 chemistry | the science of the structure and interactions of matter |
| matter | anything that occupies space and contains mass |
| mass | the amount of matter in any object |
| element | a substance that cannot be split into a simpler substance by ordinary chemical means |
| chemical symbol | an abbreviation consisting of one or two letters of an element's name |
| trace element | a substance found in small amounts in the body, but having important functions |
| atom | the smallest unit of matter that retains the properties and characteristics of an element |
| subatomic particle | a proton, neutron, or electron that makes up an atom |
| nucleus | the dense central core of an atom that contains protons and neutrons |
| proton | a positively charged subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom |
| neutron | an uncharged subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom |
| electron | a negatively charged particle that moves about in a large space surrounding the nucleus of an atom |
| electron shell | one of the regions around the nucleus of an atom where specific groups of electrons are most likely to move about |
| atomic number | the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom |
| mass number | the sum of an atom's protons and neutrons |
| isotope | an atom of an element having a different number of neutrons and, therefore, a different mass number |
| radioactive isotope | an unstable atom that decays and emits radiation |
| tracer | a radioactive isotope that is used in biomedical research to follow the movement of certain substances through the body |
| ion | an atom having one or more positive or negative charges because it has unequal numbers of protons and electrons |
| molecule | a combination of two or more atoms that share electrons |
| free radical | an electrically charged atom or group of atoms with an unpaired electron in the outermost shell |
| chemical bond | the force that holds together the atoms of a molecule |
| valence shell | the outermost electron shell of an atom |
| octet rule | states that two or more atoms will interact in ways that produce a chemically stable arrangement of eight valence electrons for each atom |
| ionic bond | an attractive force that holds together ions of opposite charge |
| cation | a positively charged ion that has lost one or more valence electrons |
| anion | a negatively charged ion that has gained one or more valence electrons |
| electrolyte | an ionic compound that breaks apart into positive and negative ions in solution |
| covalent bond | a chemical attraction where two or more atoms share electrons rather than gain or lose them |
| single covalent bond | two atoms that share one pair of electrons |
| double covalent bond | two atoms that share two pairs of electrons |
| triple covalent bond | two atoms that share three pairs of electrons |
| nonpolar covalent bond | two atoms that share electrons equally, where one atom does not attract the shared electrons more strongly than the other atom |
| polar covalent bond | two atoms that share electrons unequally, where the nucleus of one atom attracts the shared electrons more strongly than the nucleus of the other atom |
| electronegativity | the power of a molecule to attract electrons to itself |
| hydrogen bond | this forms when a hydrogen atom having a partial positive charge attracts the partial negative charge of neighboring electronegative atoms, most often oxygen or nitrogen |
| surface tension | a measure of the difficulty of stretching or breaking the surface of a liquid |
| chemical reaction | this occurs when new bonds form or old bonds break between atoms |
| reactant | the starting substance in a chemical reaction |
| product | the ending substance in a chemical reaction |
| energy | the capacity to do work |
| potential energy | this is stored by matter because of its position |
| kinetic energy | this is associated with matter in motion |
| chemical energy | a form of stored energy that is contained in chemical bonds |
| law of conservation of energy | states that energy cannot be created nor destroyed, but it may be converted from one form to another |
| exergonic reaction | releases more energy than it absorbs |
| endergonic reaction | absorbs more energy than it releases |
| activation energy | the initial invested collision energy needed to break the chemical bonds of the reactants |
| catalyst | a chemical substance that speeds up a reaction by lowering the energy required to start the reaction |
| synthesis reaction | two or more atoms, ions, or molecules that combine to form a new or larger molecule |
| anabolism | all the synthesis reactions that occur in the body |
| decomposition reaction | splits up large molecules into smaller atoms, ions, or molecules |
| catabolism | all the decomposition reactions that occur in the body |
| exchange reaction | consists of both synthesis and decomposition reactions |
| reversible reaction | this generates products that can revert back to the original reactants |
| inorganic compound | a substance that usually lacks carbon and is structurally simple; includes water, salts, acids, and bases |
| organic compound | a large molecule that always contains carbon, usually contains hydrogen, and always consists of covalent bonds |
| water | the most important and abundant inorganic compound found in all living systems |
| solution | a combination of two or more substances in which the molecules of the substances are evenly distributed |
| solvent | a substance that dissolves another substance |
| solute | a substance that is dissolved by another substance |
| hydrophilic | a solute that is charged or contains polar covalent bonds, allowing it to dissolve easily in water |
| hydrophobic | a substance that contains mainly nonpolar covalent bonds, preventing it from dissolving easily in water |
| hydrolysis | a decomposition reaction that breaks down large molecules into smaller molecules by the addition of water |
| dehydration synthesis | when two smaller molecules join to form a larger molecule, forming water as a produce |
| mixture | a combination of elements or compounds that are physically blended together, but are not bound by chemical bonds |
| colloid | a combination of solute particles that are large enough to scatter light, making it appear opaque |
| suspension | a combination of materials that may mix with a liquid for some time, but will eventually settle out |
| mole | the amount of any substance that has a mass in grams equal to the sum of the atomic masses of all its atoms |
| moles per liter | a unit that expresses the concentration of a solution through the total number of molecules in a given volume of the solution |
| dissociate | the separation of inorganic acids, bases, or salts into ions when they dissolve in water |
| acid | a substance that dissociates into one or more hydrogen ions (H+) and has a pH below 7 |
| base | a substance that dissociates into one or more hydroxide ions (OH-) and has a pH above 7 |
| hydrogen ion | an ion that results from the dissociation of an acid |
| hydroxide ion | an ion that results from the dissociation of a base |
| proton donor | this is another way of describing an acid |
| proton acceptor | this is another way of describing a base |
| salt | when dissolved in water, this dissociates into cations and anions, neither of which are hydrogen ions or hydroxide ions |
| pH scale | a range of values that measures the acid-base level of a solution |
| alkaline solution | has more hydroxide ions (OH-) than hydrogen ions (H+); another way of describing a base |
| buffer | a chemical substance that can reduce the strength of strong acids or bases |
First Time Here?
Welcome to Quizlet, a fun, free place to study. Try these flashcards, find others to study, or make your own.
Set Champions
Scatter Champion
21.2 secs by llrogers531
Space Race Champion
860 points by crystal_storey
Completed “Learn” mode
centralgirl1991 , keke64 , amberpilcher , jlnovotny Plus, ewright337 , ktylizbth