| Term | Definition |
|---|
| what is the word membrane used for? | both cell membranes and for epithelial tissues that line a cavity or separate two compartments |
| functions of cell membrane? | acts as a barrier between the intracellular and extracellular fluids, provides structural support, regulates exchange and communication between the cell and its environment |
| what is the fluid mosaic model? | shows the biological membrane as a phospholipid bilayer with proteins inserted into the bilayer |
| what are the types of membrane lipids? | phospholipids, sphingolipids, cholesterol |
| what is tightly bound to the phospholipid bilayer? | membrane-spanning integral proteins |
| what attaches to either side of the membrane less tightly? | peripheral and lipid-anchored proteins |
| what attaches to the extracellular surface of the cell membranes? | carbohydrates |
| what does the cytoplasm consist of? | semi-gelatinous cytosol with dissolved nutrients, ions and waste products |
| what is suspended in the cytosol? | two other components of the cytoplasm - insoluble inclusions and organelles |
| what are insoluble inclusions? | components which have no enclosing membrane |
| what are organelles? | membrane-enclosed bodies that carry out specific functions |
| what are important inclusions? | ribosomes, proteasomes, insoluble protein fibers in three sizes (actin fibers or microfilaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules) |
| what is an important function of ribosomes? | they take part in protein synthesis |
| what is an important function of proteasomes? | protein degredation |
| what are centrosomes? | the microtubule-organizing center of the cell |
| how many types of microtubules can be identified in the cell? what are they? | three; centrioles, cilia, flagella |
| function of centrioles? | they aid in the movement of the chromosomes during cell division |
| function of cilia? | they move fluid or secretions across the cell surface |
| function of flagella? | propel sperm through body fluids |
| function of cytoskeleton? | provides strength, support and internal organization; aids in transport of materials within the cell; links cells together; enables motility in certain cells |
| what are motor proteins? | proteins which associate with cytoskeleton fibers to create movement |
| types of motor proteins? | myosins, kinesins, dyneins |
| what do membranes around the organelles do to the cytosol? | divide the cytosol into compartments whose functions can be separated |
| what generates the most ATP for the cell? | mitochondria |
| what is the site of lipid synthesis? | smooth endoplasmic reticulum |
| what is the primary site of protein synthesis? | rough endoplasmic reticulum |
| function of Golgi complex? | packages proteins into vesicles |
| what releases its contents into extracellular fluid? | secretory vesicles |
| what are lysosomes and peroxisomes? | storage vesicles that contain digestive enzymes |
| what is Tay-Sacks disease? | an example of disease caused by ineffective lysosome |
| where is DNA contained? | in the nucleus |
| what is DNA | the genetic material that ultimately controls all cell processes |
| in what form is DNA in the nucleus? | chromatin |
| what surrounds the nucleus? | the double membrane nuclear envelope |
| what is contained on the double membrane nuclear envelope? | nuclear pore complexes that allow controlled chemical communication between the nucleus and cytosol |
| what are nucleoli? | nuclear areas that control synthesis of RNA for ribosomes |
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