| Term | Definition |
|---|
| what are solutes? | molecules that dissolve in liquid |
| what is solvent | the liquid in which solutes dissolve |
| what is the universal solvent for biological solutions? | water |
| what is solubility? | the ease with which a molecule dissolves in that solvent |
| what are hydrophilic molecules? | molecules that dissolve easily in water |
| what are hydrophobic molecules? | molecules that do not dissolve easily in water |
| what is the concentration of a solution? | the amount of solute per unit volume of solution |
| what is the concentration of a one molar (1 M) solution | one mole of solute per liter of solution |
| how are most biological solutions expressed? | in millimoles per liter of solution (mM) |
| what is a mole? | 6.02 x 10.23 particles of an element or compound |
| how is the molecular mass of a molecule determined? | by adding the atomic masses of all its atoms |
| what is the gram molecular mass of the element or compound? | the mass in grams of 1 mole of any element or compound |
| how are solution concentrations described? | in moles/volume (molarity) or as percent solutions |
| how are ion concentrations expressed? | in milliequivalents |
| what is a milliequivalent? | where one equivalent equals the molarity of the ion times its electrical charge |
| what is the pH of a solution? | a measure of its hydrogen ion concentration |
| what are acids? | molecules that contribute H+ to a solution |
| what are bases? | molecules that remove H+ from solution |
| characteristics of pH? | the more acidic the solution, the lower its pH |
| what are buffers? | solutions that moderate pH changes |
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