Chapter 5: Physical and Cognitive Development in Infancy
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Created by:
Nikkilodeans on February 27, 2012
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Flashcards for the class developmental psych 2305
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21 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Prefrontal area | part of the cortex located directly behind the forehead and important to development of voluntary behaviors. |
| Fine motor skills | Motor skills related to the development and coordination of small muscles such as those that move the fingers and eyes. |
| Gross motor skills | Motor skills related to the development and coordination of large muscles; important for locomotion. |
| Locomotion | The ability to move around on one's own. |
| Intentionality | The ability to engage in behaviors directed towards achieving a goal. |
| Tertiary circular reaction | The fifth stage of the sensorimotor period which is characterized by the deliberate variation of action sequences to solve problems and explore the world. |
| Representation | The ability to form mental symbols and present experiences to oneself mentally; according to Piaget, emerges during sensorimotor substage 6. |
| Symbolic play | Play in which one object stands for or represents another. |
| Deffered Imitation | The ability to imitate an action observed in the past. |
| Object Permanence | The understanding that objects have substance maintain their identities when they change location and ordinarily continue to exist when out of sight. |
| A-not-B error | In an object permanence task, when the child looks in location A, where the object has been previously found, even though the child just observed the object hidden at location B. |
| Violation of expectations method | A test of mental representation in which the child is habituated to an event and then presented with possible and impossible variants of the event. |
| Implicit Memory | Procedural memory of how things are done |
| Explicit Memory | Memory of past events and facts. |
| Substage 1 | Sensorimotor stage where reflex schemes are exercised, involuntary rooting, sucking grasping, looking. (0-1 1/2 months) |
| Substage 2 | Sensorimotor stage where primary circular reactions are present. (1 1/2 months- 4 months) |
| Substage 3 | Sensorimotor stage where secondary circular reactions are present. (4-8 months) |
| Substage 4 | Sensorimotor stage where coordination of secondary circular reactions begin. Infants combine schemas to achieve desired effect, the earliest form of problem solving. (8-12 months) |
| Substage 5 | Sensorimotor stage where tertiary circular reactions are present. Deliberate variation of problem solving means; experimentation to see what the consequences will be. (12-18 months) |
| Substage 6 | Sensorimotor stage where symbolic representation begins. Images and words come to stand to familiar objects, invention of new means of problem solving through symbolic combinations. (18-24 months) |
| Secondary Circular Reaction | Babies repeat actions to produce interesting changes in their environment. |
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