| Term | Definition |
| Analytical biogeography | the development of general rules that explain how geography affects the evolution and distribution of plants and animals and how past distributions and evolutionary history are reflected in modern distributions |
| Biogeography | the study of the past and present geographic distributions of plants and animals and other organisms and environmental and evolutionary forces that produce those distributions |
| Conservation biogeography | a synthetic discipline that applies principles from biology and other sciences to the maintenance of biodiversity |
| Ecological biogeography | the biogeographic study of the modern relationships between organisms and the environment |
| Historical biogeography | the biogeographic study of the past distributions and evolution of life |
| Phytogeography | the study of the biogeography of plants |
| Zoogeography | the study of the biogeography of animals |