Bio 107 Test 2

5 Written Questions

1. Ex: Nutra-sweet Made of phenylalanine and aspartic acid
   Products have a warning to people with PKU
2. Haploid egg and sperm fuse
   Each is n=23
   Results in a diploid zygote
   Now 2n=46
   Chromosome number is restored
3. MPF
   Cyclin-Cdk complex
   Helps cells pass from G2 to M
   Phosphorylates proteins to activate or inhibit them
   Example: MPF phosphorylates nuclear lamina to facilitate its breakdown
4. Pyruvate enters the mitochondria by active transport
   Pyruvate is converted to acetyl coenzyme A
   Acetyl CoA
5. C3 plants (rice, wheat, soybeans)
   Rubisco initially fixes CO2 into a 3C compound
   3PG
   
   C4 plants (sugarcane, corn, grasses)
   Rubisco initially fixes CO2 into a 4C compound
   Oxaloacetate

5 Matching Questions

1. PKU
2. Anaphase 1 and 2
3. ATP Production without O2
4. Prophase
5. Citric Acid Cycle

1. a Chromosomes condense
   Centrosomes move apart
   Mitotic spindle begins to form
2. b Anaphase I:
   Homologous chromosome pairs separate
   Anaphase II:
   Sister chromatids separate
3. c Pyruvate derivative is oxidized to CO2
   NADH, FADH2, and ATP are formed
4. d Anaerobic respiration
   Involves an ETC but does not use O2
   Example: SO42- is used by some marine bacteria
   Fermentation
   Does not involve an ETC nor O2
   ATP is produced by substrate level phosphorylation
5. e Rare genetic disease, most babies are now tested for PKU at birth
   Patients lack the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase
   Converts phenylalanine to tyrosine

5 Multiple Choice Questions

1. The quantity of energy doesn't change
   The quality of energy changes
   Heat is random energy of the lowest quality
   1. First and Second Laws
   2. Structure of ATP
   3. Linear Electron Flow
   4. First law of thermodynamics
2. Adenine, ribose, 3 phosphate groups. "High energy" bonds
   Hydrolysis of ATP: deltaG -7.3 kcal/mol
   1. Possible Fates
   2. Reduction Phase
   3. Fate of G3P
   4. Structure of ATP
3. Occur on thylakoid membranes
   Convert light energy to chemical energy to form ATP and NADPH
   1. Redox Reactions
   2. CAM Plants
   3. Calvin Cycle
   4. **Light Reaction
4. The capacity to cause change. Kinetic- energy of motion, ex. thermal energy or heat. Potential- Stored energy-chemical energy of structure
   1. Energy
   2. Meiosis
   3. Enzymes
   4. Terms
5. Portion of a systems energy avaliable to do work.
   A process is spontaneous when deltaG < 0
   deltaG = G final state - G starting state
   DeltaG = deltaH - TdeltaS
   1. Prophase 1
   2. Fate of G3P
   3. Free Energy
   4. Light Energy

5 True/False Questions

1. Prometaphase → Nuclear envelope breaks down
   Microtubules attach to chromosomes
   Mitotic spindle formed

   True        False

2. Telophase → Chromosomes condense
   Centrosomes move apart
   Mitotic spindle begins to form

   True        False

3. Glycolysis → Glucose is oxidized to pyruvate
   NADH and ATP are formed

   True        False

4. FADH2 electrons enter at complex II → Electrons pass from NADH to FMN
   NAD+ is oxidized
   FMN is reduced
   Electrons pass from FMN to FeS
   FMN is oxidized
   FeS is reducedFeS transfers electrons to Q
   Q carries electrons to complex III
   Electrons move through ETC
   Until they reach O2

   True        False

5. Oxidating Agent → Accepts electrons, example: oxygen

   True        False