Islamic Empire
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33 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Mecca | City in western Arabia; birthplace of the Prophet Muhammad, and ritual center of the Islamic religion |
| Medina | City in western Arabia; Muhammad and his followers emigrated in 622 to escape persecution |
| Ka'aba | An ancient stone structure in Mecca that is the holiest shrine in Islam and a unifying focus for Muslim worship |
| Allah | Muslim name for the one and only God |
| Muhammad | Founder of Islam, considered the greatest prophet in Islam |
| Islam | Submission to the will of Allah |
| Muslim | A follower of Islam, means "one who has submitted" |
| Hijrah | Muhammad's migration from Mecca to Medina |
| 5 Pillars of Islam | Faith, Prayer, Alms, Fasting, Pilgrimage |
| Mosque | An Islamic place of worship |
| Hajj | A pilgrimage to Mecca, performed as a duty by Muslims |
| Qur'an | The holy book of the Muslims |
| Sunna | An Islamic model for living based on the life and teaching of Muhammad |
| Shari'a | The code of law derived from the Koran and from the teachings and example of Mohammad |
| Bedouins | Arab nomads |
| Gabriel | One of the archangels, used by God many times as a messenger, in particular at the Annunciation. |
| Umma | Muslim religious community |
| Ramadan | Holy month when Muslims are expected to fast from sun up to sun down as part of Pillars of Islam |
| Caliphs | The military and political leaders of the Muslim community who succeeded Muhammad after his death |
| Umayyads | A dynasty that ruled the Muslim Empire from 661 to 750 and later established a kingdom in al-Andalus |
| Shi'a | The branch of Islam whose members acknowledge Ali and his descendents as the rightful successors of Muhammad |
| Sunni | A branch of Islam whose members acknowledge the first four caliphs as the rightful successors of Muhammad |
| Sufi | A Muslim who seeks to achieve direct contact with God through mystical means |
| Abbasids | Dynasty that overthrew the Umayyads, ruled from 750 to 1258; Maintained unity of Islamic civilization and culture flourished |
| al-Andalus | A Muslim-ruled region in what is now Spain, established in the eighth century A.D. |
| Fatimid Caliphate | Was formed by Shi'a Muslims who claimed to be descendants of Muhammad's daughter Fatima. Began in North Africa and spread to Arabia/Syria. |
| House of Wisdom | Combination library, academy, and translation center in Baghdad established in the 800s |
| Calligraphy | Islam's highest art form; beautiful handwriting |
| Abu-Bakr | First caliph after death of Muhammad |
| Jihad | A holy struggle or striving by a Muslim for a moral or spiritual or political goal |
| "People of the book" | The name for Jews and Christians for whom the Muslims had religious tolerance; called this because each religion had a holy book with teachings similar to that of the Qur'an |
| Thousand and One Nights | A collection of entertaining stories from the Islamic Empire that include fairy tales, myths, and legends. |
| Algebra | A branch of mathematics in which letters are used to represent unknown numbers to generalize arithmetic. |
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