| Term | Definition |
| phonological analyzer | processes "raw" sounds being input to CNS |
| syntactic parser | uses grammatical morphemes to structure sentence; selective loss of syntax breaks down the operation |
| lexicon | equivalent to mental dictionary |
| semantic interpreter | assigns meaning to input |
| Berndt and Caramazza | agrammatism and asyntactic comprehension is a selective loss of syntax, specifically a breakdown in the operation of the "syntactic parser" |
| picture pointing task | hear a sentence and then point to the correct picture |
| reversable sentences | if bother versions are given in choices, then performance is at chance level (guessing) The dog bit the cat; The boy chases the girl. |
| passive vs. active sentences | thematic role same for both, but word order is different: The girl kisses the boy; the boy was kissed by the girl. |
| Word order involving | she loves (the) flying (the) kites; he fed her (the) dog (the) biscuits; he hates (the) burning (the) rubbish. |
| embedding | the girl, that the boy is chasing, is tall; the cant, that the dog is biting, is black |
| specific prepositions | the book is on the table vs. the book is under the table |