7th Grade Science: Viruses and Bacteria
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24 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Virus | Tiny, non-living particle that invade and multiples incise a living cell |
| Host | a living thing that provides a source of energy for a virus/organism |
| Parasite | organism that lives on or in a host and causes it harm |
| bacteriophage | a virus that infects bacteria "bacteria eater" |
| Active Viruses | Enter cells and immediately begin to multiply -leading to the quick death of the invaded cells. |
| Hidden Viruses | "hide" for a while inside the host before becoming active (i.e. cold sore) |
| Viral Disease | Can be spread through contact with a contaminated object, bite, air drops, body fluids |
| Treating Viral Diseases | Rest, fluids, well-balanced meals |
| Vaccine | A substance to prevent viral diseases - substance is introduced to simulate the production of chemicals that destroy specific viruses. |
| Viral Vaccine | Made from weakened or altered virus - trigger the body's natural defenses |
| Bacteria | Single-celled organism |
| Prokaryotes | Genetic material is not contained in the nucleus |
| Flagellum | long, whiplike structure that helps a cell tomove |
| How Bacteria Survive | Must have a source of food and a way to break down food to release energy: |
| Bacteria Respiration | Most bacteria do not need oxygen, some die in the presence of oxygen |
| Bacteria Reproduction | Must have plenty of food, the right temperature, and other suitable conditions to thrive and reproduce |
| Binary Fission | one cell (bacteria) divides to form two identical cells - a type of asexual reproduction |
| Asexual Reproduction | Reproductive process involving only one parent cell and producing offspring that are identical to the parent |
| Sexual reproduction | two parent (cells) combine their genetic material to produce a new organism, which differs from both parents |
| Conjugation | One bacterium transfers some genetic material to another bacterium through a threadlike bridge - transfer then separate |
| Endospore | A small, rounded, thick-walled, resting cell that forms in side a bacterial cell: contains the cell's genetic material and some of its cytoplasm- can resist freezing, heating, drying |
| Roles of Bacteria in Nature | Oxygen production, Food production (cheese, yogurt), Environmental Recycling (decomposers), Environmental Clean up, Health and Medicine (digestion, insulin) |
| Epidemiologist | A scientist who studies an unusual occurrence of a disease |
| Decomposers | Bacteria/Organisms that break down large chemicals in dead organisms into small chemicals. |
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