Chapter 9 Vocab.
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34 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 breathing | the process of the exchange of air between the lungs and the environment, including inspiration and expiration. |
| bronchi | the passages from the trachea to the left and right lung. |
| diaphragm | a sheet of muscle that seprates the organs of the thoracic cavity from those of the abdominal cavity. |
| carbonic anhydrase | an enzyme found in red blood cells that speeds the conversion of carbon dioxide and water to carbonic acid. |
| bronchitis | the inflammation of the bronchial tubes. |
| cardiac muscle | the involuntary muscle of the heart. |
| tendons | a band of connective tissue that joins muscle to bone. |
| extensor | the muscle that must contract to straighten a joint. |
| creatine phosphate | a compound in muscle cells that releases a phosphate to ADP and helps regenerate ATP supplies in muscle cells. |
| summation | increased muscle contraction produced by the combination of stimuli. |
| tidal volume | ... |
| inspiratory reserve volume | ... |
| respiration | all processes involved in the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between cells and the environment, including breathing, gas exchange, and cellular respiration. |
| bronchiole | the smallest passageways of the respiratory tract. |
| intercostal muscle | a muscle that raises and lowers the rib cage. |
| buffer | a substance capable of neutralizing acids and bases, thus maintaining the original pH of the solution. |
| emphysema | a respiratory disorder characterized by an overinflation of the alveoli. |
| smooth muscle | the involuntary muscle found in the lining of many organs. |
| antagonistic muscles | a pair of skeletal muscles that are arranged in pairs and that work against each other to make a joint move. |
| myofilaments | a thread of contractile proteins found within muscle fibres. |
| actin | a contractile protein found in thin myofilaments. |
| tetanus | the state of constant muscle contraction caused by sustained nerve impulses. |
| residual volume | ... |
| trachea | the windpipe. |
| alveoli | sacs of the lung in which gas exchange occurs. |
| hemoglobin | the oxygen-carrying molecule in red blood cells. |
| chemoreceptor | a specialized nerve receptor that is sensitive to specific chemicals. |
| bronchial asthma | a respiratory disorder characterized by reversible narrowing of the bronchial passages. |
| skeletal muscle | the voluntary muscle that makes the bones of the skeleton move. |
| flexor | the muscle that must contract to bend a joint. |
| sarcolemma | the delicate sheath that surrounds muscle fibres. |
| myosin | a contractile protein found in thick myofilaments. |
| total lung capacity | ... |
| expiratory reserve | ... |
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