Chapter 8 - How Cells Reproduce
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24 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 meiosis | Nuclear division process that halves the chromosome number. Basis of sexual reproduction., (genetics) cell division that produces reproductive cells in sexually reproducing organisms |
| mitosis | Nuclear division mechanism that maintains the chromosome number. Basis of body growth, tissue repair and replacement in multicelled eukaryotes; also asexual reproduction in some plants, animals, fungi, and protists. |
| cell cycle | A series of events from the time a cell forms until its cytoplasm divides. |
| homologous | Refers to the two members of a pair of chromosomes with the same length, shape, and genes. |
| interphase | In a eukaryotic cell cycle, the interval between mitotic divisions when a cell grows, roughly doubles the number of its cytoplasmic components, and replicates its DNA. |
| anaphase | Stage of mitosis in which sister chromatids separate and move to opposite spindle poles. |
| metaphase | Stage of mitosis during which the cell's chromosomes align midway between poles of the spindles. |
| prophase | Stage of mitosis in which chromosomes condense and become attached to a newly forming spindle. |
| spindle | Dynamically assembled and disassembled array of microtubules that moves chromosomes during nuclear division. |
| telophase | Stage of mitosis during which chromosomes arrive at the spindle poles and decondense, and new nuclei form. |
| asexual reproduction | Reproductive mode by which offspring arise from one parent and inherit that parent's genes only. |
| cell plate | After nuclear division in a plant cell, a disk-shaped structure that forms a cross-wall between the two new nuclei. |
| cleavage furrow | In a dividing animal cell, the indentation where cytoplasmic division will occur. |
| clone | A genetically identical copy of an organism. |
| contractile ring | A thin band of actin and myosin filaments that wraps around the midsection of an animal cell. During cytoplasmic division, the band contracts and pinches the cytoplasm in two. |
| alleles | Forms of a gene that encode slightly different versions of the gene's product. |
| fertilization | Fusion of a sperm nucleus and an egg nucleus, the result being a single-celled zygote. |
| gamete | Mature, haploid reproductive cell. |
| haploid | Having one of each type of chromosome characteristic of the species. |
| sexual reproduction | Reproductive mode by which offspring arise from two parents and inherit genes from both. |
| zygote | Cell formed by fusion of gametes; first cell of a new individual. |
| crossing-over | Process in which homologous chromosomes exchange corresponding segments during meiosis. |
| egg | Mature female gamete, or ovum. |
| sperm | Mature male gamete |
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