| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Judiciary Act of 1789 | legislation passed by Congress that created the federal court system; established three levels of federal courts and defined powers and relationship to state courts |
| Neutrality Proclamation | statement by President Washington that declared the United States would not takes sides with any nations at war in Europe; declared following the French Revolution |
| Jay's Treaty | settled disputes between the United States and Great Britain over the Northwest Territory, British seizing U.S. ships, and debts the U.S. owed to Great Britain |
| Pinckney's Treaty | settled the Florida border dispute with Spain and allowed for U.S. ships to use the Spanish controlled port of New Orleans |
| Alien and Sedition Acts | controversial acts passed that made it illegal to publish criticism of the government; Federalist-controlled Congress claimed these would protect the government |
| Embargo Act | law prohibiting U.S. merchants (businesses) from trading with all foreign nations; caused U.S. merchants to lose enormous amounts of money |
| Treaty of Ghent | signed in Belgium to end the War of 1812 |
| Monroe Doctrine | a warning made by the United States to European nations not to interfere with countries in the Americas; interfering with nations in the Western Hemisphere would be considered a hostile act |
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