ch 20 and princeton review vocab
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34 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 progressives | a loose term for political reformers who tried to improve the political system, fight poverty, and increase government involvement in the economy |
| spoils system | the award of public jobs to political supporters after an electoral victory. |
| patronage | the power of elected officials to grant government jobs and favors to their supporters.` |
| Grandfather clause | a law permitting citizens to register as voters only if their grandfathers had been eligible voters |
| literacy test | the requirement that the ability to read be demonstrated as a qualification for the right to vote |
| tariffs | a tax on imports |
| states rights | an interpretation of the Constitution that exalts the sovereignty of the states and circumscribes the authority of the national government. |
| direct primary | the selection of party candidates by a popular vote rather than by party conventions |
| Jim Crow | a term used in the age of segregation to describe facilities designated for blacks, named after the satirical character Jim Crow |
| Recall | a law that allows voters to remove elected officials from his post before the official has completed his term |
| referendum | a direct vote on whether or not to adopt a particular law or government policy. |
| voluntarism | the view that citizens should themselves improve their lives, rather than rely on the efforts of the government |
| syndicalists | members of a revolutionary party that believed in the Marxist principle of class struggle and advocated the organization of society on the basis of industrial unionism |
| General strike | a strike that draws in all the workers in a society, with the intention of shutting the entire system down. |
| muckrakers | journalists who exposed the corruption of big buisness and government |
| Lincoln Steffens | muckraker who wrote The Shame of the Cities, exposing corruption in urban management |
| Ida Tarbell | muckraker who wrote History of the Standard Oil, exposing corruption in oil companies |
| W.E.B. Du Bois | founded the NAACP to help combat against discrimination |
| NAACP | National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, fought a strenous uphill battle to end racial discrimination |
| Margaret Sanger | advocate of the feminist movement who received wide spread opposition for her promotion of contraceptives. |
| nineteenth amendment | granted women the right to vote in 1920 |
| Hamilton/Jefferson | metaphor for the differences in ideology between Woodrow Wilson and Teddy Roosevelt. |
| New Nationalism | refers to Roosevelt's policies |
| feminist movement | women's groups that campaigned for suffrage |
| ballot initiative | adopted by many states, through which the voters could propose new laws |
| Theodore Roosevelt | the most prominent progressive leader, he became president after Mckinley's assassination |
| Sherman Anti-Trust Act | Act which prevented monopolies, however it was mostly unsuccessful until Roosevelt, which was the first to successfully use it. |
| William Howard Taft | also promoted progressive ideals he spearheaded the drive for two constitutional amendments, one for a national income tax, and one for the direct election of senators. |
| Woodrow Wilson | the third progressive president, he was a Democrat |
| Bull Moose Party | political party which Teddy Roosevelt used in running for reelection in 1912. |
| New Freedom | term that Wilson used to refer to his ideas and policies. |
| Clayton Anti-Trust Act | a more effective act to help prevent monopolies, lobbied and enforced by Wilson |
| Federal Trade Commission | created by Woodrow Wilson to oversee trade |
| Federal Reserve System | gave the government greater control over the nation's finances. |
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