| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Sources of vitamin A | B-carotein precursor in green and yellow plants; corn (1/8th the value of green forage); milo devoid; fish oil is good source; |
| animal storage of vitamin A | substantial reserves in body fat and liver if diet permits (results in yellow fat) |
| stability of Vit A | destroyed by oxidation; hay curing |
| in vivo functions of Vitamin A | (1) vision (2) epithelium integrity of eye and respiratory, alimentary, reproductive and urogenital tract (3) bone formation |
| deficiency symptoms of vitamin A | night (or total) blindness; diarrhea (poor nutrient absorption), pneumonia (infection), bladder stones, sterility; fetus absorption; crooked bones; bone overgrowth |
| toxicity symptoms of vitamin A | skin disorder; hair loss; fragile bone |
| Sources of Vitamin D | (1) ergosterol precursor found in plants (2) 7-dehydrocholesterol precursor found in animals; (3) fish oil and sun-cured plants |
| What is unique about Vitamin D? | requires irradiation to be converted to active form; animals raised in sunlight rarely have deficiency; |
| animal storage of vitamin D | some in liver |
| stability of vitamin D | good |
| in vivo functions of vitamin D | (1) calcium absorption; D2 works in all species except poultry; poultry require D3 |
| Deficiency symptoms of Vitamin D | (1) rickets due to poor calcium absorption (2) weakness (3) poor egg production (4) anorexia (5) reduced growth |
| toxicity symptoms of vitamin D | (1) hypercalcification of heart, kidney and joints; especially toxic to human infants |
| vitamin E sources | (1) germ of cereal grains; (2) green forage |
| animal storage of vitamin E | large amounts can be stored in fat and liver |
| stability Vitamin E | low; easily oxidized |
| in vivo functions vitamin E | (1) antioxidant; (2) fxns with Se to detox peroxides (3) many fxns that vary w/ aminal species; (4) cell membrane stability |
| deficiency symptoms vitamin E | (1) membrane damage (2) chicks: brain lesions (3) rats: degeneration of testes so cure for rat impotence |
| toxicity symptoms vitamin E | none in most species; nausea in humans |
| sources of vitamin K | (1) bacterial synthesis: rumen, large intestine all but poultry must practice coprophagy to get benefits; (2) green leafy materials; (3) liver, fish, eggs (4) commercial source is menadione |
| animal storage of vitamin K | some in liver |
| stability of vitamin k | fairly stable; actively reduced by dicumerol found in spoiled sweet clover (dicumerol used as rat poison); animals fed spoiled sweet clover require high vit k intake to offset effects |
| in vivo fxns of vitamin k | required for rapid blood coagulation (necessary for prothrombin formation which is necessary for proper clot formation) |
| deficiency symptoms of vitamin k | (1) hemorrhage (2) reduced clotting time (3) anemia, weakness |
| toxicity symptoms of vitmain k | relatively nontoxic |
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