| Term | Definition |
|---|
| thiamin (B1) sources | bacteria, forages, and other feedstuffs |
| thiamin (B1) animal storage | low (3-9 days) |
| thiamin stability | (1) destroyed by moist heat; raw fish contain thiaminases |
| thiamin in vivo fxns | CHO metabolism |
| thiamin deficiency symptoms | (1) edema (2) anorexia (3) diarrhea (4) weakness (5) convulsins (6) brain lesions (7) reduced growth (8) polyneritis in poultry (9) paralysis (10) polioencephalonalacia in cattle (11) increase blood lactate and pyruvate levels |
| toxicity thaimain | relatively nontoxic |
| sources riboflavin (B2) | plants, yeast, milk, eggs, liver; must be added to nonruminant diet |
| stability of riboflavin | good except destroyed by blue and violet light |
| in vivo fxns riboflavin | component of FAD in electron transport chain; energy metabolism; protein metabolism |
| deficiency symptoms riboflavin | (1) chick: curled toe paralysis, leg paralysis (2) swine: crooked legs, dermatitis, reproductive failure; (3) man: dermatitis, ruminant deficiency unknown, anorexia, reduced growth |
| niacin sources | leafy materials; vasodilation; distillers products; cereals generally poor source; |
| niacin storage | poor |
| niacin stability | very stable |
| niacin in vivo fxns | hydrogen transport (NAD) in glycolysis; energy metabolism synthesis |
| niacin deficiency | pellagra humans; dermatitis; lesions on tongue, lips and mouth; nausa; dogs: black tongue; anorexia, reduced growth |
| pyridoxine (B6) sources | cereal grains; yeast; bacteria; legumes |
| pyridoxine storage | poor |
| pyridoxine stability | very stable |
| pyridoxine in vivo fxns | fat, CHO, and protein metabolism; antibody formation |
| pyridoxine deficiency | rare; but anemia; dermatitis, staggering gait, convulsions, anorexia, reduced growth |
| pyridoxine toxicity | nontoxic |
| pantothenic acid sources | soybean meal; yeast; bran-rich cereals; corn and meat are poor sources |
| pantothenic acid storage | poor |
| pantothenic acid stability | fair |
| pantothenic acid in vivo fxns | fat, CHO and protein metabolism; constitutent of coenzyme A |
| pantothenic acid deficiency | (1) pigs: goose stepping, (2) dermatitis, eye matting; paralysis; hair loss; fatty liver; anorexia, poor growth (3) humans: burning feet syndrome |
| biotin sources | synthesized in rumen and intestines; avidin in egg white ties up biotin and can result in defiency in animals feed egg whites |
| biotin storage | poor |
| biotin stability | very stable |
| biotin in vivo fxns | fat, CHO and protein metabolism; carboxylation rxns |
| biotin deficiency symptoms | dermatitis, hair loss; feather loss; depression; foot lesions; fatty liver in birds; impaired leg coordination; paralysis in hindquarter of swine; anorexia, reduced growth |
| biotin toxicity | nontoxic |
| choline sources | animal and plant products; methionince can serve as a methyl donor |
| choline storage | poor |
| choline stability | fair |
| choline in vivo fxns | cell structures (membranes), fat metabolism, methyl donor |
| choline deficiency | most likely in poultry; fatty liver; growth depression; perosia in poultry; anorexia, reduced growth |
| choline toxicity | none |
| folic acid sources | liver, legumes, tankage; yeast, bacteria; soybean meal |
| folic acid storage | poor |
| folic acid stability | poor |
| folic acid in vivo fxns | CHO and protein metabolism; nucleic acid synthesis |
| folic acid deficiency | anemia; intestinal upsets; growth depression; anorexia, reduced growth |
| folic acid toxicity | none |
| cyanocobalamin (B12) sources | plants devoid; protozoa and bacterial products are good sources; liver contains some if animal fed adequate diet; feces are rich in B12 |
| cyanocobalamin storage | poor |
| cyanocobalamin stability | fair |
| cyanocobalmin in vivo fxns | NA syntheis; CHO and protein synthesis; propionic acid metabolism; maturation of RBC |
| cyanocobalamin deficiency | pernicious anemia; anorexia; reduced growth |
| vitamin c sources | citrus fruits; green leafy vegetables; tomatoes |
| vitamin c storage | poor |
| vitamin c stabilty | good |
| vit C in vivo fxns | formation and maintenance of intercellular material in some species; role in various Redox rxns in living cells |
| vit C deficiency symptoms | human, pig bat, some birds and some fish; swollen, bleeding gums, increased oxidation of vit C which increases the requirement; loosening of teeth, weak bones |
| vit C toxicity | possible kidney stones |
| PABA sources | plants, liver |
| PABA storage | poor |
| PABA stability | good |
| PABA in vivo Fxns | enhances growth of chicks and microbes |
| PABA deficiency | very rare in livestock; poor growth in chicks |
| inositol sources | plants |
| inositol storage | poor except sharks |
| inositol stability | goodi |
| inositol in vivo fxns | cures alopecia in mice |
| inositol deficiency | very rare in most livestock feeding situations |
Combine with other sets
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