Ch 1 Intro
About this set
Created by:
DrDavila Plus on February 28, 2012
Subjects:
BIO101: Human Anatomy & Physiology
Classes:
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62 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 5 properties of life | responsiveness growth movement metabolism reproduction |
| anatomy | describes structures of body; composition (what they're made of), location, associated structures |
| gross anatomy | examines large structures; aka macroscopic anatomy |
| surface anatomy | exterior anatomical features |
| regional anatomy | study of body areas |
| systemic anatomy | study of organs working together |
| microscopic anatomy | study of cells and molecules |
| cytology | study of cells and their structures |
| histology | study of tissues and their structures |
| physiology | study of function |
| levels of organization | chemical → ceullular → tissue → organ → organ system → organism |
| 11 organ systems | integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular, lymphatic, pulmonary (respiratory), digestive, urinary, and reproductive systems |
| cell | basic unit of life |
| tissue | group of similar cells performing a similar function |
| organ | groups of different tissues working together to perform a specific function |
| organ system | groups of organs working together to perform a specific function |
| integumentary system | Skin, hair, and nails; covers and protects the body and maintains body temperature |
| skeletal system | provide protection and support; bones & cartilage |
| muscular system | moves and heats body; muscles & tendons |
| nervous system | provides speedy communcation signaling within body, sensation (sensory info.), interpretation (consciousness), memory, and movement commands; brain & spinal cord comprise the Central Nervous System (CNS); nerves and receptors comprise the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) |
| endocrine system | secretes hormones that help control body activities such as growth and reproduction |
| hormones | long-lasting and widespreading chemical signals in blood; eg, thyroid, adrenal, and pituitary glands |
| lymphatic system | defends the body from pathogens; eg thymus, spleen, lymph nodes |
| pathogen | disease-causing agent (eg, cancer cell, bacteria, virus, fungus, insects, venom) |
| respiratory system | gas exchange and air movement; eg, lungs, bronchi, trachea |
| digestive system | ingests (take in), digests (break down), absorbs (nutrients through cells into blood), excretes waste out of body; eg, esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, pancreas |
| urinary system | filters blood and excretes wastes in urine; eg, kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra |
| reproductive system | produces offspring and sex hormones & sexual characteristics; eg, ovaries, uterus, vagina, testes, prostate gland |
| homeostasis | maintenance of equilibrium within a normal range; "same state"; usually through a negative-feedback mechanism |
| negative-feedback mechanism | process by which an effector negates/counteracts a stimulus; returns body to "normal range" (eg body temp); includes receptor, control center, and effector |
| receptor | neural detector for a given stimulus (eg, light, pressure, damage) |
| control center | neuron(s) that process signal and sends instructions to effector; found in brain or spinal cord |
| effector | tissue that causes an effect (eg, muscle that contracts to remove hand from stove |
| positive-feedback mechanism | response of effector increases change of the stimulus—speeds up processes; no "normal range" of stimulus; eg, labor contractions and blood clotting |
| abdominopelvic quadrants | RUQ - contains the liver and gall bladder; RLQ - contains the appendix; LUQ - contains the stomach, spleen; LLQ - contains the descending colon, rectum |
| 9 abdominopelvic regions | R. hypochondriac — Epigastric — L. hypochondriac; R. lumbar — Umbilical — L. lumbar; R. inguinal — Hypogastric — L. inguinal |
| anatomical position | body standing erect, facing forward, with upper limbs at sides and palms forward; always imagine patient in this position for correct directional term use |
| superior | above |
| inferior | below |
| anterior | towards the front; aka ventral |
| ventral | towards the front; aka anterior |
| posterior | towards the back; aka dorsal |
| dorsal | towards the back; aka posterior |
| proximal | closer to attachment point on the trunk of body |
| distal | further from attachment point on the trunk of body |
| lateral | away from midline |
| medial | toward midline |
| peripheral | away from center |
| plane | imaginary cut that divides the body through the center |
| section | any slice parallel to a plane |
| transverse plane | plane through body at the navel; cuts the body into upper and lower parts; aka horizontal plane |
| horizontal plane | plane through body at the navel; cuts the body into upper and lower parts; aka transverse plane |
| frontal plane | vertical plane through body longitudinally from head to toe; cuts body into front and back parts; aka coronal plane |
| coronal plane | vertical plane through body longitudinally from head to toe; cuts body into front and back parts; aka frontal plane |
| midsagittal plane | vertical plane through midline of body from head to pelvic floor; cuts body into equal left and right parts |
| cavity | space within body containing internal organs |
| dorsal cavity | 1 of 2 major body cavities; contains cranial cavity (brain) and spinal cavity (spinal cord) |
| ventral cavity | 1 of 2 major body cavities; contains thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities |
| thoracic cavity | superior portion of ventral cavity superior to diaphragm; contains pleural cavities, pericardial cavity, and mediastinum |
| pleural cavities | cavities within thoracic cavity containing lungs |
| pericardial cavity | cavity within thoracic cavity contains heart |
| abdominopelvic cavity | inferior portion cavity below diaphragm; contains the abdominal cavity and the pelvic |
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