| Term | Definition |
| alliteration | repetition at close intervals of initial letters or sounds |
| assonance | repetition at close intervals of vowel sounds/ it gives an internal music to lines |
| consonance | repetition at close intervals of final consonant sounds |
| anaphora | repetition of the same word or words at the start of two or more lines |
| apostrophe | someone absent, dead, or imaginary, or an abstraction, is being addressed as if it could reply |
| onomatopoeia | use of words which represent sounds |
| hyperbole | exaggeration or overstatement |
| allusion | reference to a famous event or person in history or literature |
| personification | giving a non-human human characteristics |
| oxymoron | juxtapositioning two words that have opposite meanings, but they create a new meaning |
| simile | comparison directly stating the resemblance using "like" or "as" |
| metaphor | comparison implying resemblance, not using "like" or "as" |
| metonymy | symbolism; comparison which designates a thing, not by its own name, but by the name of something that suggests it (The pen is mightier than the sword.) |
| synecdoche | symbolism; comparison in which the part signifies the whole, or the whole part (all hands on deck) |