chordates
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Created by:
gawronskic on February 28, 2012
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80 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 ventral | stomach |
| dorsal | back |
| anterior | top |
| posterior | bottom |
| urogenital opening | where the penis comes out |
| scrotum | external sack that houses the testes |
| genital papilla | this is the females' external genitalia located directly below the anus |
| umbilical | feeds the embryo nutrients |
| mammary papillae | nipples |
| anus | where waste products are disposed out of |
| mouth | the first part of chordate digestion |
| epiglottis/glottis | flap/opening |
| larynx | structure in the throat that contains the vocal cords |
| trachea | goes to the lungs |
| bronchi | 2 branches of the trachea |
| bronchioles | attach to the alveoli |
| lungs | respitory organ; place where gasws are exchanged between the blood and inhaled air |
| alveoli | sacks at the end of the bronchioles |
| diaphram | used in respiration |
| tongue | used to push food to the hard palllete which puches it to be swallowed |
| saliva | digests carbohydrates |
| hard pallete | top of the mouth |
| soft pallete | helps keep food out of the nasal cavity |
| esophagus | tube connecting the mouth to the stomach |
| stomach | goes to the stomach |
| chime | Food when it is in the small intestine |
| liver (and gall bladder) | main job is to filter the blood coming from the digestive tract, before passing it to the rest of the bod and detoxicates it. It's main function is to collect and concentrate the bile that the body uses to digest fats |
| bile | 2 purposes; emulsify fat and nuetralize acids when entering the duodenum |
| spleen | removes old red blood cells |
| pancreas | produces important enzymes and hormones that help break down foods |
| bicarbonate | neutralise or counteract acids |
| duodenum | where most chemical digestion takes place |
| small intestine | absorbs digests |
| villi and microvilli | folds in the small intestine |
| larg intestine | absorbs water |
| rectum | stores solid waste until it is released from the body |
| peristalsis | contractions of smooth muscles that provide the force that moves food through the esophagus toward the stomach |
| enzymes | protein catalyst that speeds up the rate of specific biological reactions |
| carbohydrates --> | sugars |
| proteins --> | amino acids |
| fats --> | carbon chains |
| HCI Acid (hydrochloric acid) | a strong acid that helps to break down food |
| Mesenteries | tissue layer that holds the intestines together |
| renal artery | carries blood from aorta to kidney |
| renal vein | blood vessel that carries blood away from the kidney and toward the heart |
| kidneys | an organ of excretion that seperates wastes and excess water from the blood |
| ureters | tube that carries urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder |
| urinary bladder | saclike organ in which urine is stored before being excreted |
| urethra | tube through which urine leaves the body |
| heart | hollow muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body |
| superior vena cava | Carries blood from upper regions of the body to right atrium |
| inferior vene cava | vein collects blood from the lower portion of the body and carries it to the heart. |
| aorta | artery that carries blood directly from the heart to the rest of the body |
| pulmonary artery | carries deoxygentated blood from the heart to the lungs |
| pulmonary vein | any of four veins that carry arterial blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart |
| right atrium | The upper right chamber of the heart, where deoxygenated blood is received from the vena cava and then sent to the right ventricle. |
| left atrium | the left upper chamber of the heart that receives blood from the pulmonary veins |
| right ventricle | the chamber on the right side of the heart that receives venous blood from the right atrium and pumps it into the pulmonary trunk |
| left ventricle | the chamber on the left side of the heart that receives arterial blood from the left atrium and pumps it into the aorta |
| tricuspid valve | valve between the right atrium and the right ventricle |
| bicuspid valve (mitral valve) | between left atrium and ventricle |
| chordate tendonae | string attach the valve pull the valve open |
| semiluner valves | permits blood to be forced into the arteries prevents backflow of blood from arteries to ventricles |
| coronary artery | the artery that branches from the aorta to supply blood to the heart |
| arteries | large blood vessel that carries blodd away from the heart to the tissues of the body |
| veins | blood vessel that carries blood from the body back to the heart |
| capillaries | smallest blood vessel; bring nutrients and oxygen to the tissues and absorbs carbon dioxide and wast produsts |
| lymph nodes | organs that filter lymph and play an important role in the body's defense |
| lymph | fluid that is filtered out of the blood |
| 4 characteristics of a chordate | dorsal hollow nerv cord notochord pharyngeal pouches post-anal tail |
| 3 subphyla | urochordata tunicata vertebrata |
| 6 classes of vertebrates | bony fish cartilagenous fish amphibians reptiles birds mammals |
| evolutionary cladogram | a diagram showing evolution with a lines coming out of main line from a common ancestor |
| convergent evolution | process by which unrelated organisms independently evolve similarities when adapting to similiar enviroments |
| endotherm | warm blooded |
| ectotherm | cold blooded |
| amniotic egg | gave egg a shell |
| lung fish | has gill and lungs and can breathe through its skin |
| coelacanth | has lobbed fins (almost like arms) |
| mud skipper | has gills and lungs and brethes through its skin |
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