Triangles of Neck Part 1 Posterior Triangles- Marreez & Dissector
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71 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 The platysma is a muscle of fascial expression derived from which pharyngeal arch? | Second Pharyngeal Arch |
| What cranial nerve innervates the second pharyngeal arch? | CN VII - Facial Nerve |
| Name the 4 Layers of Deep Cervical Fascia | Investing Layer Prevertebral Layer Pretracheal Layer Carotid Sheath (bilateral) |
| Which layer of deep cervical fascia covers the viscera? | Pretracheal Layer |
| Which layer of deep cervical fascia covers the entire neck? | Investing Layer |
| Which layer of deep cervical fascia prevents/limits the spread of infection? | Investing Layer |
| An infection between the investing layer and the MUSCULAR part of the pretracheal fascia, surrounding the infrahyoid muscles, will spread from the neck until what structure? | Manubrium |
| An infection between the investing layer and the VISCERAL part of the pretracheal fascia will spread from the neck until what structure? | Anterior Mediastinum |
| An infection of what area causes swelling deep to the SCM, developing into retropharyngeal abscess with dysphagia and dysarthria? | Posterior to prevertebral Layer |
| Rupture of what structures may cause pneumomediastinum? | Esophagus, Trachea, or Bronchus |
| The Hyoid Bone is at what cervical level? | C3 |
| The Thyroid Cartilage is at what cervical level? | C4/C5 |
| The Cricoid Cartilage is at what cervical level? | C6 |
| Which muscle divides the neck into anterior and posterior triangles? | Sternocleidomastoid |
| Unilaterally contraction of the right SCM turns the head in which direction? | Left (contralateral) |
| Motor innervation to the SCM is by what nerve? | CN XI (Spinal Accesssory Nerve) |
| Proprioceptive innervation to the SCM is by what nerve? | Anterior Ramus of C2 [part of Ansa Cervicalis] |
| Proprioceptive innervation to the Trapezius is by what nerve? | Anterior Rami of C3-C4 [part of Ansa Cervicalis] |
| Cervical Dystonia of the SCM in the adult is called what? | Spasmodic Torticollis |
| What is Wry Neck? | Congenital Torticollis. A congenital shortening of SCM |
| What are the boundaries of the Posterior Cervical Triangle? | Anterior Boundary: SCM Posterior Boundary: Trapezius Inferior Boundary: Clavicle |
| What forms the roof of the posterior cervical triangle? | Investing Layer of Deep Cervical Fascia |
| What forms the floor of the posterior cervical triangle? | Prevertebral Fascia that covers: -Splenius Capitis Levator Scapulae Anterior, Middle, Posterior Scalenes |
| Name the SUPERFICIAL contents of the Posterior Triangle. Hint: 1 Vein, 4 Nerves | 1- External Jugular Vein 2- Lesser Occipital Nerve (C2) 3- Great Auricular Nerve (C2-C3) 4- Transverse Cervical Nerve (C2-C3) 5- Supraclavicular Nerve (C3-C4) |
| Name the DEEP contents of the Posterior Triangle | 1- CN XI 2- Subclavian Vein 3- Subclavian Artery (3rd Part) 4- Transverse Cervical (Cervicodorsal) Artery 5- Suprascapular Artery 6- Brachial Plexus (Roots, Trunks, and Branches) 7- Branches of Cervical Plexus |
| The Subclavian Vein passes anterior to which muscle before joining the Internal Jugular Vein? | Anterior Scalene Muscle |
| What structures passes along anterior border of the Anterior Scalene muscle? | Phrenic Nerve (C3-C5) Subclavian Vein Transverse Cervical Artery Suprascapular Artery |
| The External Jugular Vein drains into what vein? | Subclavian Vein |
| In reference to the clavicle, where can the Subclavian Vein be found? | Below proximal 1/3 of Clavicle or Above Clavicle |
| Which veins can be used to insert a central line (catheter) to the heart or for Renal Dialysis? | Subclavian Vein Internal Jugular Vein |
| Where is the Subclavian Artery found? | Above first rib, Posterior to the Anterior Scalene |
| During a bleed from an upper limb, which artery can be compressed to stop the bleed? | Subclavian Artery |
| During a bleed from an upper limb, where would you compress the subclavian artery to control the bleeding? | Against first Rib in Supraclavicular Triangle |
| Trace the Transverse Cervical Artery back to the Subclavian Artery | Subclavian Artery --> Thyrocervical Trunk --> Transverse Cervical Artery |
| The Transverse Cervical Artery divides in a superficial and deep branch relative to what muscles? | Levator Scapulae and Rhomboids |
| The Deep Branch of the Transverse Cervical Artery may be absent and replaced by what other artery? | Dorsal Scapular Artery |
| The Dorsal Scapular Artery branches from which part of the Subclavian Artery? | 3rd Part of the Subclavian Artery |
| The Suprascapular Artery and Nerve to go which muscles? | Supraspinatus and Infraspinatus |
| Roots of the brachial plexus emerge with the Subclavian Artery between what muscles? | Anterior and Middle Scalenes |
| In a Thoracic Outlet Syndrome, which trunk of the Brachial Plexus is compressed? | Inferior Trunk |
| In Thoracic Outlet Syndrome, which artery is compressed? | Subclavian Artery |
| The Cervical Plexus is made up of what spinal nerves? | Anterior Rami of C1-C4 |
| The cutaneous branches of the cervical plexus are found in which triangle? | Posterior Cervical Triangle |
| What are the cutaneous branches of the cervical plexus (include nerve roots)? | Lesser Occipital (C2) Great Auricular (C2-C3) Transverse Cervical (C2-C3) Supraclavicular Nerves (C3-C4) |
| What is the muscular branch of the cervical plexus? | Ansa Cervicalis (Superior Root, C1 + Inferior Root, C3) |
| Which Strap Muscle IS NOT innervated by the Ansa Cervicalis? | Thyrohyoid Muscle |
| A Cervical Plexus Blockade is administered to block what spinal nerves? | C2-C4 |
| What are the 4 Landmarks for identifying the nerve point of the neck to administer a cervical plexus blockade? | Mastoid Process Posterior Border of SCM Posterior Border of the Clavicular Head Transverse Process of C6 |
| What is the Main Injection Site for the Cervical Plexus Blockade? | Junction of upper and middle 1/3 of Posterior Border of SCM |
| An Accessory Phrenic Nerve may branch from what other nerve? | Nerve to Subclavius (C5) |
| What "extra" nerves are found in the posterior cervical triangle? | Phrenic Nerve Accessory Phrenic Nerve (Branch of Subclavian Nerve) Long Thoracic Nerve (C5-7) to Serratus Anterior Dorsal Scapular Nerve (C5) - Pierces middle scalene to Rhomboids and Levator Scapulae |
| Irritation of the Phrenic Nerve will send referred pain to the ipsilateral shoulder via which nerve? | Supraclavicular Nerve (C3-C4) |
| The posterior cervical triangle courses structures between the thorax/neck and the __________. | Upper Limbs |
| The Anterior Cervical Triangle courses structures between the head and the ________. | Thorax |
| The Posterior Cervical Triangle is divided into what two triangles? | Occipital Triangle Supraclavicular Triangle (Subclavian Triangle) |
| What muscle divides the Posterior Cervical Triangle? | Inferior Belly of the Omohyoid Muscle |
| The external jugular vein is formed near the angle of the mandible by the union of which 2 veins? | -Posterior Division of the Retromandibular Vein -Posterior Auricular Vein |
| A Venous Air Embolism may form if the External Jugular Vein is cut at what level? | Where it pierces the investing layer of deep cervical fascia. |
| Which lymph nodes follow the external jugular vein? | Superficial Cervical Lymph Nodes |
| The Superficial Cervical Lymph Nodes drain into which lymph nodes? | Deep Cervical Lymph Nodes |
| Which vein do the Deep Cervical Lymph Nodes follow? | Internal Jugular Vein |
| Which nerve supplies the skin over the angle of the mandible, the lower part of the auricle and the mastoid process? | Great Auricular Vein (C2,C3) |
| Which nerve supplies skin over the anterior triangle of the neck? | Transverse Cervical Nerve (C2,C3) |
| What is the main nerve found in the Occipital Triangle? | Accessory Nerve (CN XI) |
| Where are the transverse cervical artery and suprascapular artery (branches of the thyrocervical trunk) relative to the anterior scalene? | They are anterior to the anterior scalene. |
| Which artery supplies the trapezius? | Transverse Cervical Artery |
| What are Sentinel Nodes? | Supraclavicular Lymph Nodes that enlarge due to thoracic/abdominal cancers. |
| What vessels do Sentinel Nodes follow? | Transverse Cervical Artery and Vein |
| Does the Suprascapular Artery pass above or below the Superior Transverse Scapular Ligament? What about the Suprascapular Nerve? | Suprascapular Artery - Above Suprascapular Nerve - Below |
| Collateral Circulation of the Suprascapular Artery around the scapula allows for safe ligation of what artery? | Axillary Artery proximal to its subscapular branch |
| How does a lesion of the Suprascapular Nerve Present Clinically? | Inability to initiate abduction of arm. Weakened lateral rotation of arm |
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