| Term | Definition |
|---|
| laminated beam | 2-3 layers of 2x4 that are glued together |
| siding | requires a flush foundation edge |
| footing | meant to help support distribute weight of walls |
| cad precision | is 10x greater than a pane of glass |
| front & side views | are called elevations |
| floor & foundation plans | are called section views |
| nominal cabinet lumber sizes | 1x4, 1x6, 1x8, 1x10, 1x12 |
| actual cabinet lumber sizes | 3/4" x 3' 1/2", 3/4" x 5' 1/2", 3/4" x 7' 1/4", 3/4" x 9' 1/4", 3/4" x 11' 1/4" |
| nominal construction lumber sizes | 2x4, 2x6, 2x8, 2x10, 2x12 |
| actual construction lumber sizes | 1 1/2" x 3 1/2", 1 1/2" x 5 1/2", 1 1/2" x 7 1/4", 1 1/2" x 9 1/4", 1 1/2" x 11 1/4". |
| hardy plank siding | is usually 1/4" thick |
| exterior sheathing | is usually 7/8" thick |
| vertical brick section | shows all mortar joints |
| floor plan | is a horizontal section view |
| Model view-model space | to draw the physical features of the building in full size. (black background) |
| layout view-paper space | Relative to size of paper. To manage the appearance of the plotted page. (white background) |
| Layout view-model space | To apply standard architectural scales to a view point. (only to assign scale) |
| header | to carry the weight of the roof. |
| exterior doors | get 3 elevations -head, jamb, and threshold. |
| interior doors | get 2 elevations- head and jamb |
| sill | Horizontal exterior member below a window or door opening. The wood member placed directly onto the foundation wall in wood frame construction. |
| stool | horizontal interior member of trim below a window. |
| shim space | 1/4" wide used to plumb and level windows and doors. |
| normal frontal | parallel to the frontal projection plane |
| normal profile | parallel to the profile projection plane. (simplest type) |
| normal horizontal | parallel to the horizontal projection plane. |
| ortho | means 90 degrees to. |
| ortho frontal | perpendicular to the profile projection plane. |
| ortho profile | perpendicular to the profile projection plane |
| ortho horizontal | perpendicular to the horizontal projection plane. |
| Normal surfaces | all of the true size information pertaining to a normal surface can be found by consulting a SINGLE orthographic view. |
| orthographic surfaces | You must consult at least two orthographic views in order to find all of the true size information about a simple INCLINED plane. |
| Complex or oblique surfaces | You must consult at least 3 or more orthographic views in orde rto fine al of the true size information about a complex INCLINED plane. |
| right view | profile |
| top view | horizontal |
| front view | frontal |
| roof span | entire distance from outside to outside. |
| partial revolved section | to show relief or texture of surface. |
| section drawings | are usually drawn in 1/4" scale. |
| 1. plot plan | 1" = 20.00 same as 1/20xp. OR 1" = 10.00 same as 1/10xp. (engineers scale not architect) |
| 2. foundation or basement plan | 1/4" = 1' - 0" same as 1/48xp |
| 3. first floor plan | 1/4" = 1' - 0" same as 1/48xp. utilizes cross-referencing information such as; doors, windows, and casework elevations. |
| 4. second floor plan | 1/4" = 1' - 0" same as 1/48xp |
| 5. exterior elevation | 1/4" = 1' - 0" same as 1/48xp. They are usually designated as N,S,E,W or Front, Rear, Right, Left. |
| 6. transverse section | 1/4" = 1' - 0" same as 1/48xp. identifies exterior building finishes. |
| 7. Wall section | 1/2" = 1' - 0" same as 1/24 xp OR 3/4" = 1' - 0" same as 1/16xp. purpose is to identify various material in detail. |
| 8. interior elevations | 1/2" = 1' - 0" same as 1/24xp. includes casework, stair cases, fire places, and other ornamental interior finishes. |
| 9. casework section details | 1" = 1' - 0" same as 1/12xp. Details should be cross-referenced to associated casework elevations. |
| 10. door list schedule | drawn in paper space. Cross Reference system for door types, sizes, and section details. |
| 11. door type schedule | 1/2" = 1' - 0" same as 1/24 xp. Should exhibit the types of doors found in list schedule and should be cross-referenced to the door frame details along with the door list schedule. |
| 12. door frame details | 3" = 1' - 0" same as 1/4xp. Should be organized in vertical columns and must be cross-referenced to the door list schedule and explain the jamb, head, and threshold details for each TYPE of door. |
| 13. window list schedule | drawn in paper space. cross reference system for window types, sizes, and section details. |
| 13 cont. Window type schedule | should exhibit types of windows given in the window list schedule and easily cross-referenced to the window frame details. |
| 14. Window frame details | 3" = 1' - 0" same as 1/4xp. This includes the head, jamb, and sill details for each TYPE of window and should be organized in vertical columns. They must be easily cross-referenced to the window list schedule. |
| 15. Miscellaneous Details | Includes items that could not be classified on any of the preceding categories. |
| Flush doors | solid core (commercial) Hollow core (residential). Constructed on lumber frame with solid wood veneer over the top. |
| stud | runs from the floor to the top plate. |
| cripple | runs from the floor to the header. |
| Header | 2x12 that spans the top of a door or window opening. |
| double hung window | Has two sashes that operate vertically, allows 50% maximum ventilation,. |
| casement window | side hinged sash the opens out with a crank and allows for 100% ventilation. |
| Horizontal sliding windows | Windows that slide horizontally. Like a double hung window but horizontally oriented. Allows for 50% max ventilation. |
| Awning windows | A group of top hinged windows that open horizontally and are operated by a single crank that opens each unit simultaneously. Can be left open during rain. |
| Jalousie window | a group of small horizontal glass panels that operates much like a awning window, however, they aren't weather tight when closed. |
| hopper window | small sash windows that open either in or out and are combined with a larger fixed window. |
| palladian window | A tall semi-circular central window with straight headed side windows. Manufacturers refer to them as "cathedral windows". |
| skylight | A bubble shaped roof window. |
| clerestory window | windows placed high in the wall above the lower roof level. |
| Picture window | Fixed glass units that usually become the center unit of several regular windows. Called so because there are no muntins that interfere with the framed view. |
| sash | an individual frame into which glass is set. |
| stile | vertical member on a door or panel. |
| rail | horizontal member on a door or panel. |
| Panel door | Consists of various arrangements of panels that are surrounded by stiles and rails and are usually made of solid wood. Types include; french, dutch, louver, and jalousie. |
| French doors | glazed lights separated with muntins instead of panels. |
| dutch doors | cut in half horizontally and each section operates on its own set of hinges . |
| louver doors | horizontal strips that are places on the diagonal for ventilation instead of panels. |
| jalousie doors | suitable for enclosed porches or warmer climates, has operating glass panel units inserted within the stiles and rails. |
| jamb | vertical members of a finished door opening. |
| casing | the trim around a window or door opening. |
| lintel | a horizontal support member across the head of a door or window opening. |
| flashing | sheet metal or other material used in roof or wall construction to prevent water from seeping into the building. |
| principles of projection | inclined surfaces are not parallel to the upper horizontal plane therefore they do not appear in their true shape. The ridges of the roof are parallel to the picture plane and appear as full length or true size. |
| orthographic theory | Said to be the clearest method for showing true shapes, the relationship of features, and dimensions of an object. (ortho means perpendicular) |
| planes of projection | When the front, top, and side views have been projected onto the frontal, horizontal, profile planes. |
| orthographic views | usually only includes the front, top, and side views. Other views that can be utilized are; rear, bottom, and left side. |
| adjacent views | vertical- front, top, and bottom (equal width). Horizontal-rear, left, front, and right.(equal height) |
| non-adjacent views | top, right, bottom, and left-side views. |
| methods of projection | point to point, glass box, two-view, depth, |
| true size | is determined if a projection line is parallel to a plane surface. |
| foreshortened | if the plane surface is at an angle and its projected line is not parallel |
| roof types | low gable, low hip, steep hip, dutch hip, continuous steep gable. |
| bird's mouth | triangular notch cut into rafters for horizontal bearing. found on a gable-roof rafter. |
| jack rafter | runs from hip or valley rafters to the plates. |
| valley rafter | the rafter directly below the the valley formed by the intersection of two sloping roofs. usually runs from the valley to the ridge. |
| ladder | used when there is a boxed overhang above the gable wall. |
| x-ref | a tool that allows one to import another's drawing into a sheet (parent) file that corresponds to a set of working drawings and is automatically updates any changes made. |
| very heavy line weight | should be used for the cutting plane lines and the titleblock 1 layer. |
| moderately heavy line weight | object lines, roof outlines, building section outlines, exterior elevation outlines. |
| moderate line weight | windows, door, and casework. |
| moderately light line weight | closely spaced object lines such as; sheet rock, sheathing, (floor plans) casing and moldings (door and window elevations). |
| moderate line weight | all hidden lines and title block lettering, detail titles, and drawing notes. |
| light line weights | all dimensions and center lines. |
| very light line weights | all hatch patterns |
| 3/32" = 1'-0" | 1/128xp |
| 1/8" = 1'-0" | 1/96 xp |
| 3/16"= 1'-0" | 1/64 xp |
| 1/4" = 1'-0" | 1/48 xp |
| 3/8" = 1'-0" | 1/32 xp |
| 1/2" = 1' -0" | 1/24 xp |
| 3/4" = 1' - 0" | 1/16 xp |
| 1" = 1'-0" | 1/12 xp |
| 1 1/2" = 1'-0" | 1/8 xp |
| 3" = 1'-0" | 1/4 xp |
Combine with other sets
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