Social Psychology Test 1
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Created by:
michaela_hinrichs on February 29, 2012
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27 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Controlled processing | "explicit" thinking that is deliberate, reflective, and conscious |
| Automatic processing | "implicit" thinking that is effortless, habitual, and without awareness, roughly corresponds to "intuition." |
| Heuristics | a thinking strategy that enables quick, efficient judgments |
| Availability heuristic | the more easily we recall something, the more likely it seems. |
| Representativeness heuristic | the tendency to presume, sometimes despite contrary odds, that someone or something belongs to a particular group if resembling a typical member |
| Illusory correlations | perception of a relationship where none exists, or perception of a stronger relationship than actually exists |
| Regression to the Average (mean) | the statistical tendency for extreme scores or extreme behavior to return toward one's average |
| Fundamental Attribution Error | the tendency for observers to underestimate situation influences and overestimate dispositional influences upon others' behavior |
| Situational attributions | attributing behavior to the environment |
| Dispositional attributions | attributing behavior to the person's disposition and traits |
| Behavioral Confirmation | a type of self-fulfilling prophecy whereby people's social expectations lead them to behave in ways that cause others to confirm their expectations |
| Role playing | a set of norms that defines how people in a given social position ought to behave |
| Foot-in-the-door phenomenon | the tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request |
| Cognitive Dissonance | Tension that arises when one is simultaneously aware of two inconsistent cognition's |
| Correlational research | asking whether two or more factors are naturally associated |
| Experimental research | manipulating some factor to see its effect on another |
| Spotlight effect | the belief that others are paying more attention to one's appearance and behavior than they really are |
| Transparency effect (illusion of transparency) | the illusion that our concealed emotions leak out and can be easily read by others |
| Self-Serving Bias | the tendency to perceive oneself favorably |
| Individualism | the concept of giving priority to one's own goals over group goals and defining one's identity in terms of personal attribute rather than group identifications |
| Collectivism | giving priority to the goals of one's groups and defining one's identity accordingly |
| Self-Esteem | a person's overall self-evaluation or sense of self-worth |
| Self-Efficacy | a sense that one is competent and effective. |
| Narcissism | inflated sense of self, most aggressive. Have high self-esteem, but they are missing the piece about caring for others |
| Locus of Control | the extent to which people perceive outcomes as internally controllable by their own efforts or as externally controlled by chance or outside forces |
| Learned Helplessness | the sense of hopelessness and resignation learned when a human or animal perceives no control over repeated bad events. |
| Belief perseverance | persistence of one's initial conceptions, as when the basis for one's belief is discredited but an explanation of why the belief might be true survives |
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