Basic Nursing Chapters 13-14 Vocabulary
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44 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 infection | invasion of a susceptible host by potentially harmful microorganisms resulting in disease |
| colonization | presence and growth of microorganisms within a host but without tissue invasion or damage |
| communicable disease | an infectious disease transmitted directly from one person to another (considered contagious) |
| symptomatic | if pathogens multiply and cause clinical signs and symptoms |
| asymptomatic | when clinical signs and symptoms are not present |
| virulence | the ability of an organism to rapidly produce disease |
| pathogenicity | ability of a pathogenic agent to produce disease |
| immunity | the quality of being insusceptible to or unaffected by a particular disease or infection |
| antibodies | immunoglobulins that are produced by lymphoid tissue in response to bacteria, viruses, or other antigens |
| inflammatory response | a protective reaction that neutralizes pathogens and repairs body cells |
| normal flora | large numbers of microorganisms residing on the surface and deep layers of skin, in saliva & oral mucosa, and in intestinal walls |
| inflammation | the body's cellular response to injury or infection |
| suprainfection | secondary infection usually caused by an opportunistic pathogen |
| necrotic | of or pertaining to the death of a tissue in response to disease or injury |
| health care-acquired infection (HAI) | when a patient develops an infection that was not present or incubating at the time of admission to a health care setting |
| exogenous infection | comes from microorganisms found outside the individual |
| endogenous infection | occurs when part of the patient's flora becomes altered and an overgrowth occurs |
| aseptic technique | an effort to keep the patient as free from exposure to infection-causing pathogens as possible |
| asepsis | the absence of disease-producing microorganisms |
| medical asepsis | includes procedures used to reduce number of and prevent spread of microorganisms |
| surgical asepsis | includes procedures to eliminate all microorganisms from an area |
| standard precautions | good hand hygiene and use of barriers, such as gloves or masks, minimize everyone's exposure to infection |
| transmission based precautions | patients with communicable diseases and infections that are easily transmissible require a special precaution |
| cleaning | removing organic material such as blood or inorganic material such as soil from objects |
| disinfection | eliminates almost all pathogenic organisms, with exception of bacterial spores |
| sterilization | eliminates or destroys all forms of microbial life, including spores |
| vasodilation | widening of blood vessels |
| core temperature | temperature of deep tissues |
| non-shivering thermogenesis | occurs primarily in neonates because neonates cannot shiver, a limited amount of vascular brown adipose tissue present at birth can be metabolized for heat production |
| diaphoresis | visually evident perspiration |
| pyrexia | occurs because heat loss mechanisms are unable to keep pace with excess heat production, resulting in an abnormal rise in body temperature |
| febrile | pertaining to or characterized by an elevated body temperature |
| afebrile | when fever "breaks" the temperature returns to an acceptable range |
| antipyretics | drugs that reduce fever |
| infrared thermometers | rely on thermal radiation from ear canal, tympanic membrane, axilla, and temporal artery to measure body temperature |
| digital thermometers | contain a probe connected to a microprocessor chip, which translates signals into degrees |
| dysrhythmia | a regular interval interrupted by an early beat, late beat, or missed beat |
| pulse deficit | an inefficient contraction of the heart that fails to transmit a pulse wave to peripheral pulse site |
| pulse pressure | difference between systolic and diastolic pressure |
| orthostatic hypotension | reduction of systolic blood pressure of at least 20 mmHg or reduction of diastolic blood pressure of at least 10 mmHg within 3 minutes of quiet standing |
| korotkoff sound | sound heard during the taking of blood pressure using a sphygmomanometer and stethoscope |
| ausculatory gap | the temporary disappearance of sound |
| ventilation | mechanical movement of gases into and out of lungs |
| perfusion | distribution of RBCs to and from pulmonary capillaries |
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