| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Geschwind and Levitsky | studied 100 brains from Yakolev collection. from visual examination reported that planum temporal was large in left hemisphere in 68% of cases, larger in right hemisphere in 10% of cases, equal sizes (symmetrical) in 22% of cases |
| Wada | measured PT in stillborns and found PT was larger in LH relative to RH. Therefore, this size difference is genetically prespecified at birth and not due to language experience during development |
| Galaburda | performed cytoarchitectonic measurements of area 22 (temporo-parietal cortex) and reported 7 X larger in LH than RH |
| Falzi | first to report that Broca's area was larger in LH than RH. This finding was due to the fact that he was the first to measure cortical tissue buried deep in sulci and not just visible lateral cortex tissue |
| Scheibel | examined branching pattern of dendrites of Golgi I neurons in layer III of cortex. Reported that total dendritic length was equal in LH and RH opercular, but in LH the higher order branches contributed a greater percentage to total length relative to lower order branches. Goal is to discover if critical maturation period for language corresponds to emergence of increased area for higher order branches of dendritic structure in LH. |
| Broadbent | dichotic listening: contralateral audio stimulus |
| Meyer and Sperry | split brain study with a monkey; corpus callosum transfers information across hemispheres |
| Kinsbourne's theory | the cc suppresses the right hemisphere from participating in linguistic operations via active inhibition, therefore the corpus callosum is necessary during development to establish left hemisphere dominance |
| Lassonde, Bryden and Demers | the corpus callosum and cerebral speech lateralization; determined the CC does not play a role in the cerebral development of lateralized linguistic representation |
| Levy | test of "spatial deficits" in left handers |
| Wada test | sotium amytal testing shows that 30% of left handers had language in right hemisphere |
| Zaidel | reading in the right hemisphere |
| Nottebohm | bird calls; left hemisphere dominance for singing |
| Hefner and Hefner | Japanese macaques; monkeys show LH lateralizatioon for species-specific sounds; also, the perception of species specific vocalizations by Japanese macaques seems to be mediated by the temporal cortex, with the left hemisphere playing a predominant role. |
| Ehret | left hemisphere advantage in the mouse brain for recognizing ultrasonic communication calls |
| Blumstein and Cooper | prosody as distinct from speech signal and keep prosody intact is to low-pass filter the signal |
| Van Lackner and Fromkin | if tone serves as a phonemic cue, then the left hemisphere superiority exists. If the tonal info extends over larger domains of signal, then the right hemisphere is superior in processing the meaning |
| Taft and Forster | when nonwords contain real words as initial stems reaction times got longer in a lexical decision task compared to complete nonsense words |
| Bradley | effect of nonwords is not seen when closed class words make up initial stem, only content words |
| Shapiro and Jensen | only RVH showed effect of increased RT with content words; open class headed nonwords led to greater RTs than closed class and complete nonwords, but only for RVF; RH doesn't appear to distinguish between open v. closed class vocabulary type |
| sperry and gazzaniga | RH limited language abilities,limited ability making inferences/factual; LH full set of language abilities; right hemisphere= motor and semantics; did the study with showing a word and asking them to repeat it or pick out a picture; creative fabrication |
| Witelson | dyslexics have spatial functions represented in both hemispheres, as opposed to spatial specialization of right hemisphere in normal individuals. Hypthesized that this bilateral spatial representation caused deficient processing of language in the left hemisphere, which contributes to reading difficulties |
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