Ch. 31 Biology OLSH
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65 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 apical meristem | the growing region at the tips of stems and roots in plants |
| collenchyma | plant tissue made up of elongated cells with unevenly thickened, flexible walls |
| cork | dead cells that provide protection and prevent water loss |
| cork cambium | the lateral meristem of a plant, produces cork |
| cuticle/cutin | a waxy covering that prevents desiccarion |
| dermal tissue system | one type of plant tissue system which forms the outer covering of plants |
| epidermis | a layer of cells that forms a continuous sheet over the outer surface of a plant or animal |
| ground tissue system | one type of plant tissue system, made up of parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma |
| intercalary meristem | a region of plant tissue that allow grass leaves to quickly regrow |
| lateral meristem | in plants, a growing region that increases the diameter of roots and stems |
| meristem | the growing region in plants |
| parenchyma | in plants, the living tissue of the ground system, consisting of cells with thin cell walls |
| pit | thin, porous area of the cell wall |
| primary growth | the tissue produced by apical meristems in plants |
| sclerenchyma | the tissue of the ground system that supports and strenghtens the plant |
| secondary growth | the tissue produced by lateral meristems of plants |
| sieve plate | a region at the end of the sieve tube member through which compunds move from cell to cell |
| sieve tube | structure formed by stacked sieve tube members |
| sieve tube member | the conducting cell of angiosperm phloem |
| tracheid | a long, thick wall with tapering ends, forming part of the xylem tissue of plants |
| vascualar cambium | the lateral meristem in a plant that produces assitional vascular tissue |
| vascular tissue system | the system that includes the xylem and phloem tissues of plants |
| vessel | in plants, a structure formed by stacked vessel elements |
| vessel element | an elongated, water conducting plant cell wall with slanting ends and holes through which water can pass |
| adventitious roots | specialized roots that grow from stems and leaves |
| cortex | located inside the epidermis stores food |
| endodermis | the innermost cylinder of the cortex |
| fibrous root system | the primary root does not become large. Instead, numerous small roots develop and branch |
| macronutrients | plant cells use some minerals, such as nitrogen and potassuim, in large amounts, and required in large amounts |
| micronutrients | plant cells use other minerals, such as manganese, in smaller amounts |
| pericycle | outermost layer or layers of the central vascular tissues |
| root cap | a shield covering the apical meristem |
| root hair | an extension of the epidermis |
| annual ring | a yearly growth ring in a woody plant |
| bark | the protective outside sovering of woody plants, consists of cork, cork cambium, phloem, cortex, and vascualr cambium |
| bud | structure that develops on the stem at the point of attachment of each leaf |
| bud scale | a modified leaf that forms a protective covering for a bud until it opens |
| cohension-tension theory | states that water is able to move up the stem xylem due to the strong attraction of water molecules to each other |
| heartwood | darker wood in the center of a tree |
| internode | one of the different segments of a stem |
| node | the end of the internode where one or more leaves are attached |
| pith | the plant tissue located in the center of the stem |
| pressure-flow hypothesis | an explanation of the movement of sugars in the phloem of plants |
| sapwood | lighter-colored wood near the outside of a tree trunk active in transporting sap; tissue of the secondary xylem system |
| sink | the place where a plant stored or uses sugars |
| source | the place where sugars are made in a plant |
| springwood | in woody plants, secondary xylem with cells that are wide and thin walled the first wood of a growing season |
| summerwood | in woody plants, secondary xylem cells that are small and thick walled and that are produced in hot, dry summers |
| translocation | a mutation in which a broken piece of chromosomes attaches to a nonhomologous chromosomes movement of organic molecules in plant tissues |
| transpiration | the evaporation of water through stomota |
| wood | secondary xylem |
| blade | the broad, flat portion of a typical leaf |
| compound leaf | a type of leaf in which the blade is divided into leaflets |
| guard cell | one of two cell bordering a stomota, each of which has flexiblecell walls that regulate gas and water exchange |
| leaflet | one of the divisions of a blade |
| mesophyll | in leaves, the tissue where photosynthesis occurs |
| net venation | in plant leaves the repeated branching of veins to form a network of smaller veins |
| palisade mesophyll | in plants a layer of mesophyll directly beneath the upper epidermis where most photosynthesis takes place |
| parallel venation | in plants the arrangement of several main veins parallel to each other |
| petiole | in leaves the structure that arraches blade and stem |
| simple leaf | a leaf with only one blade |
| spongy mesophyll | a mesophyll of irregularly shaped cells surrounded by air spaces that allow oxygen, carbon dioxide and water to duffuse into and out of the leaf |
| tendril | a specialized leaf found in many vines that takes on a coiled appearance |
| vein | transports water |
| venation | the arrangement of veins in a leaf |
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